Effects-Based Monitoring of Geomagnetically-Induced Current Using a Convolutional Neural Network

Ademola, Adedasola A.; Li, Xiawen; Pinceti, Andrea; Till, Micah J.; Jones, Kevin D.; Gardner, R. Matthew; Liu, Yilu

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2022.3181250

Title: Effects-Based Monitoring of Geomagnetically-Induced Current Using a Convolutional Neural Network

Journal Article · Wed Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2022.3181250· OSTI ID:1959572

^[1]; Li, Xiawen ^[2]; Pinceti, Andrea ^[2]; Till, Micah J. ^[2]; Jones, Kevin D. ^[2]; Gardner, R. Matthew ^[2];

^[3]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Dominion Energy, Inc., Richmond, VA (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Geomagnetically-induced current (GIC) due to space weather can flow in the power grid causing undesirable effects such as transformer overheating, misoperation of protection devices, and potential blackouts. It is therefore important to monitor GIC in the power grid to improve online situational awareness and decision-making of system operators during a geomagnetic disturbance. To avoid the costly installation of GIC monitors at transformers’ neutrals, it is desirable to find correlations between GIC and already-monitored parameters. Hence, this work proposed the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to compute GIC amplitudes from learned patterns in the time-series data of transformer even harmonic currents. Using an electromagnetic transient program, GIC injection simulations were performed for a modeled Dominion Energy Virginia (DEV) substation with two 504 MVA, 500/230 kV transformers. Data collected from these offline simulations were used to train the CNN to provide online GIC monitoring. Testing the CNN performance involved using real GIC measurements from published literature and from a physical GIC monitor in the DEV area. Finally, the results showed that the proposed method was able to provide GIC readings with a root mean squared error of 1.56 A/phase (equivalent to an average accuracy of 94%) for these real GIC waveforms.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; EEC-1041877

OSTI ID:: 1959572

Journal Information:: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 38, Issue 1; ISSN 0885-8977

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (28)

Detecting and interpreting myocardial infarction using fully convolutional neural networks Strodthoff, Nils; Strodthoff, Claas Physiological Measurement, Vol. 40, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/aaf34d	journal	January 2019
Geomagnetically Induced Currents and Harmonic Distortion: High Time Resolution Case Studies Clilverd, Mark A.; Rodger, Craig J.; Brundell, James B. Space Weather, Vol. 18, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002594	journal	October 2020
Insight into impact of geomagnetically induced currents on power systems: Overview, challenges and mitigation Rajput, Vipul N.; Boteler, David H.; Rana, Nishil Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 192 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106927	journal	March 2021
A Review of Geomagnetically Induced Current Effects on Electrical Power System: Principles and Theory Abda, Zmnako Mohammed Khurshid; Aziz, Nur Fadilah Ab; Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab IEEE Access, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3034347	journal	January 2020
A Colorful Blackout: The Havoc Caused by Auroral Electrojet Generated Magnetic Field Variations in 1989 Guillon, Sebastien; Toner, Patrick; Gibson, Louis IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/MPE.2016.2591760	journal	November 2016
A comprehensive study of geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) system impact Adhikari, Sarina; Mueller, David; Walling, Reigh 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2017.8273848	conference	July 2017
A Machine Learning Approach to Detection of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Power Grids Wang, Shiyuan; Dehghanian, Payman; Li, Li IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 56, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2019.2957471	journal	March 2020
Transformer failures in regions incorrectly considered to have low GIC-risk Gaunt, C. T.; Coetzee, G. 2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538419	conference	July 2007
Time series classification from scratch with deep neural networks: A strong baseline Wang, Zhiguang; Yan, Weizhong; Oates, Tim 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2017.7966039	conference	May 2017
Long-term geomagnetically induced current observations in New Zealand: Earth return corrections and geomagnetic field driver: Long-Term GIC Observation in New Zealand Mac Manus, Daniel H.; Rodger, Craig J.; Dalzell, Michael Space Weather, Vol. 15, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001635	journal	August 2017
A GIC Estimator for Electric Grid Monitoring During Geomagnetic Disturbances Klauber, Cecilia; Shetye, Komal; Overbye, Thomas J. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 35, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3000746	journal	November 2020
Characteristics of transformer exciting-current during geomagnetic disturbances Walling, R. A.; Khan, A. N. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/61.97710	journal	January 1991
Determination of Geomagnetically Induced Current Flow in a Transformer From Reactive Power Absorption Marti, Luis; Berge, Jonathan; Varma, Rajiv K. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 28, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2219885	journal	July 2013
Deep learning for time series classification: a review Ismail Fawaz, Hassan; Forestier, Germain; Weber, Jonathan Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Vol. 33, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-019-00619-1	journal	March 2019
Single-Phase Transformer Harmonics Produced During Geomagnetic Disturbances: Theory, Modeling, and Monitoring Bernabeu, Emanuel E. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 30, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2371927	journal	June 2015
Earth-Current Effects on Communication-Cable Power Subsystems Root, Henty IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. EMC-21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.1979.303750	journal	May 1979
Evaluation of Simulation Methods for Analysis of Geomagnetic Disturbance System Impacts Haddadi, Aboutaleb; Hassani, Reza; Mahseredjian, Jean IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2020.3010195	journal	January 2020
Space weather events in July 1982 and October 2003 and the effects of geomagnetically induced currents on Swedish technical systems Wik, M.; Pirjola, R.; Lundstedt, H. Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-1775-2009	journal	April 2009
The Impact of Vibration Due to Magnetostriction on the Core Losses of Ferrite Toroidals Under DC Bias Baguley, C. A.; Madawala, U. K.; Carsten, B. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 47, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2011.2129523	journal	August 2011
Estimation of geomagnetically induced currents based on the measurement data of a transformer in a Japanese power network and geoelectric field observations Watari, Shinichi Earth, Planets and Space, Vol. 67, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0253-8	journal	May 2015
Comparison of SS-GIC and MHD-EMP-GIC effects on power systems Meliopoulos, A. P. S.; Glytsis, E. N.; Cokkinides, G. J. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/61.277691	journal	January 1994
Electrical Safety Considerations of Neutral Blocker Placements for Mitigating DC Nazir, Moazzam; Burkes, Klaehn; Enslin, Johan H. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2020.3032081	journal	January 2021
Mitigating Geomagnetic Disturbances: A summary of Dominion Virginia Power?s efforts. Sun, Rui; McVey, Mark; Lamb, Mike IEEE Electrification Magazine, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2015.2480636	journal	December 2015
Real-Time Simulation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Boteler, D. H.; Trichtchenko, L.; Pirjola, R. 2007 7th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Ecology https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCECO.2007.4371705	conference	June 2007
Impact of Geomagnetically Induced Currents on Transformers in the Kola Power Grid Efimov, B.; Selivanov, V.; Sakharov, Ya 2019 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon) https://doi.org/10.1109/FarEastCon.2019.8933828	conference	October 2019
Modeling Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Dominion Virginia Power Using Extreme 100-Year Geoelectric Field Scenarios—Part 1 Bernabeu, Emanuel E. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 28, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2224141	journal	January 2013
Saturation time of transformers under dc excitation Bolduc, L.; Gaudreau, A.; Dutil, A. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 56, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7796(00)00087-0	journal	November 2000
Observation of electric currents in the Alaska oil pipeline resulting from auroral electrojet current sources Campbell, W. H. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 61, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1980.tb04325.x	journal	May 1980

Similar Records

Grid Ready, Flexible Large Power Transformer

Technical Report · Wed Jun 19 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · OSTI ID:1959572

Ndiaye, Ibrahima; Betancourt Ramírez, Enrique; Avila Montes, Jesus; +2 more

Multi-View Convolutional Neural Network for Data Spoofing Cyber-Attack Detection in Distribution Synchrophasors

Journal Article · Mon Feb 03 00:00:00 EST 2020 · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · OSTI ID:1959572

Qiu, Wei; Tang, Qiu; Wang, Yajun; +3 more

The effects of solar-geomagnetically induced currents on electrical systems in nuclear power stations

Technical Report · Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1994 · OSTI ID:1959572

Subudhi, M; Carroll, D P; Kasturi, S

Related Subjects

42 ENGINEERING
geomagnetically-induced current
geomagnetic disturbance
harmonics
machine learning
neural networks
power systems monitoring
reactive power consumption

Title: Effects-Based Monitoring of Geomagnetically-Induced Current Using a Convolutional Neural Network

Citation Formats

References (28)

Similar Records

Related Subjects