Enabling 6C Fast Charging of Li–Ion Batteries with Graphite/Hard Carbon Hybrid Anodes

Chen, Kuan‐Hung; Goel, Vishwas; Namkoong, Min Ji; Wied, Markus; Müller, Simon; Wood, Vanessa; Sakamoto, Jeff; Thornton, Katsuyo; Dasgupta, Neil P.

doi:10.1002/aenm.202003336

Enabling 6C Fast Charging of Li–Ion Batteries with Graphite/Hard Carbon Hybrid Anodes

Journal Article · Mon Dec 28 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003336· OSTI ID:1924792

Chen, Kuan‐Hung ^[1]; Goel, Vishwas ^[2]; Namkoong, Min Ji ^[2]; Wied, Markus ^[3]; Müller, Simon ^[4]; Wood, Vanessa ^[4]; Sakamoto, Jeff ^[2]; Thornton, Katsuyo ^[2]; ^[2]

Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); University of Michigan
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
ETH Zurich (Switzerland)
ETH Zurich (Switzerland)

Li-ion batteries that can simultaneously achieve high-energy density and fast charging are essential for electric vehicles. Graphite anodes enable a high-energy density, but suffer from an inhomogeneous reaction current and irreversible Li plating during fast charging. In contrast, hard carbon exhibits superior rate performance but lower energy density owing to its lower initial coulombic efficiency and higher average voltage. In this work, these tradeoffs are overcome by fabricating hybrid anodes with uniform mixtures of graphite and hard carbon, using industrially-relevant multi-layer pouch cells (>1 Ah) and electrode loadings (3 mAh cm^–2). By controlling the graphite/hard carbon ratio, this study shows that battery performance can be systematically tuned to achieve both high-energy density and efficient fast charging. Pouch cells with optimized hybrid anodes retain 87% and 82% of their initial specific energy after 500 cycles of 4C and 6C fast-charge cycling, respectively. This is significantly higher than the 61% and 48% specific energy retention with graphite anodes under the same conditions. The enhanced performance is attributed to improved homogeneity of the reaction current throughout the hybrid anode, which is supported by continuum-scale modeling. Furthermore, this process is directly compatible with existing roll-to-roll battery manufacturing, representing a scalable pathway to fast charging.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0008362

OSTI ID:: 1924792

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1804554
OSTI ID: 1848762

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 11; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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