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Interfaces in all solid state Li-metal batteries: A review on instabilities, stabilization strategies, and scalability

Journal Article · · Energy Storage Materials
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [1];  [3]
  1. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  2. Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
  3. Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

With technological advancements in electrochemical energy storage systems increasing at a spectacular rate, batteries equipped with a lithium anode hold the key towards unlocking high energy densities. While lithium-ion batteries with layered anodes (e.g. graphite) and liquid organic electrolytes have been ubiquitous in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and grid applications, all solid-state batteries that use the combination of a lithium anode and a solid-state electrolyte (SSE) will further advance the present technology. The underlying challenge that limits the successful development of all solid-state batteries (ASSBs) is dictated largely by the highly reactive interfaces at the anode/SSE and the cathode/SSE interface. In this comprehensive review, we present an overview of the following: (i) characterization of the electrode/SSE interface via multimodal characterization, which include X-ray-, electron-, neutron-, optical-, and computation-based methods: (ii) parasitic reactions that occur from chemical, mechanical or electrochemical instabilities and interfacial engineering strategies for improving the stability of these interfaces classified by the class of inorganic SSEs (sulfide-, NASICON-, and garnet-type SSEs); (iii) laboratory-to-industry scale processing perspectives of SSEs; (iv) scalability and manufacturing aspects of current interfacial strategies; and (v) the prospects of all ASSBs within the context of extreme fast charging capability. Here, this review seeks to highlight key efforts in the field of ASSBs, by focusing particularly on stabilizing the electrode/SSE interfaces, which will help to bridge fundamental studies to technological relevance.

Research Organization:
Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; Johns Hopkins University
Grant/Contract Number:
AC07-05ID14517; AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
1923748
Report Number(s):
INL/JOU-22-65627
Journal Information:
Energy Storage Materials, Journal Name: Energy Storage Materials Journal Issue: - Vol. 45; ISSN 2405-8297
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Dynamic imaging of lithium in solid-state batteries by operando electron energy-loss spectroscopy with sparse coding journal June 2020
Li2CO3-affiliative mechanism for air-accessible interface engineering of garnet electrolyte via facile liquid metal painting journal July 2020
A mechanistic investigation of the Li10GeP2S12|LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 interface stability in all-solid-state lithium batteries journal November 2021
Growth of lithium-indium dendrites in all-solid-state lithium-based batteries with sulfide electrolytes journal November 2021
High electronic conductivity as the origin of lithium dendrite formation within solid electrolytes journal January 2019
Data-driven prediction of battery cycle life before capacity degradation journal March 2019
Challenges and opportunities towards fast-charging battery materials journal June 2019
Semi-solid alkali metal electrodes enabling high critical current densities in solid electrolyte batteries journal March 2021
Clarifying the relationship between redox activity and electrochemical stability in solid electrolytes journal January 2020
Linking void and interphase evolution to electrochemistry in solid-state batteries using operando X-ray tomography journal January 2021
X-ray tomography for battery research and development journal August 2018
Understanding interface stability in solid-state batteries journal December 2019
Closed-loop optimization of fast-charging protocols for batteries with machine learning journal February 2020
Operando optical tracking of single-particle ion dynamics in batteries journal June 2021
Direct observation of a non-crystalline state of Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolytes journal June 2017
Direct observation of lithium metal dendrites with ceramic solid electrolyte journal October 2020
How we made the Li-ion rechargeable battery journal March 2018
Nanometer-scale mapping of irreversible electrochemical nucleation processes on solid Li-ion electrolytes journal April 2013
Phase stability, electrochemical stability and ionic conductivity of the Li 10±1 MP 2 X 12 (M = Ge, Si, Sn, Al or P, and X = O, S or Se) family of superionic conductors journal January 2013
A sulphide lithium super ion conductor is superior to liquid ion conductors for use in rechargeable batteries journal January 2014
A new ultrafast superionic Li-conductor: ion dynamics in Li 11 Si 2 PS 12 and comparison with other tetragonal LGPS-type electrolytes journal January 2014
Rechargeable Li//Br battery: a promising platform for post lithium ion batteries journal January 2014
Synthesis, structure, and conduction mechanism of the lithium superionic conductor Li 10+δ Ge 1+δ P 2−δ S 12 journal January 2015
First principles study on electrochemical and chemical stability of solid electrolyte–electrode interfaces in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries journal January 2016
Oxygen-driven transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional transport behaviour in β-Li 3 PS 4 electrolyte journal January 2016
Stable LATP/LAGP double-layer solid electrolyte prepared via a simple dry-pressing method for solid state lithium ion batteries journal January 2016
Influence of texture and grain misorientation on the ionic conduction in multilayered solid electrolytes – interface strain effects in competition with blocking grain boundaries journal January 2018
In situ analytical techniques for battery interface analysis journal January 2018
Hybrid electrolytes with 3D bicontinuous ordered ceramic and polymer microchannels for all-solid-state batteries journal January 2018
All-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries based on a newly designed Li 7 P 2.9 Mn 0.1 S 10.7 I 0.3 superionic conductor journal January 2017
Impact of air exposure and surface chemistry on Li–Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 interfacial resistance journal January 2017
Single-step wet-chemical fabrication of sheet-type electrodes from solid-electrolyte precursors for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries journal January 2017
Redox-active cathode interphases in solid-state batteries journal January 2017
Lithium insertion into silicon electrodes studied by cyclic voltammetry and operando neutron reflectometry journal January 2018
The role of the solid electrolyte interphase layer in preventing Li dendrite growth in solid-state batteries journal January 2018
Chemo-mechanical expansion of lithium electrode materials – on the route to mechanically optimized all-solid-state batteries journal January 2018
Prospects of production technologies and manufacturing costs of oxide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries journal January 2019
Stabilization of all-solid-state Li–S batteries with a polymer–ceramic sandwich electrolyte by atomic layer deposition journal January 2018
3D printed electrochemical energy storage devices journal January 2019
A bird's-eye view of Li-stuffed garnet-type Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 ceramic electrolytes for advanced all-solid-state Li batteries journal January 2019
Design of a mixed conductive garnet/Li interface for dendrite-free solid lithium metal batteries journal January 2020
Acid induced conversion towards a robust and lithiophilic interface for Li–Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 solid-state batteries journal January 2019
Inorganic sulfide solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium secondary batteries journal January 2019
A solid-state dendrite-free lithium-metal battery with improved electrode interphase and ion conductivity enhanced by a bifunctional solid plasticizer journal January 2019
Dendrite-free lithium–metal batteries at high rate realized using a composite solid electrolyte with an ester–PO 4 complex and stable interphase journal January 2019
Surface coating of LiMn2O4 cathodes with garnet electrolytes for improving cycling stability of solid lithium batteries journal January 2020
Electro-chemo-mechanical evolution of sulfide solid electrolyte/Li metal interfaces: operando analysis and ALD interlayer effects journal January 2020
Pressure effects on sulfide electrolytes for all solid-state batteries journal January 2020
Insights into the chemical and electronic interface evolution of Li4Ti5O12 cycled in Li2S–P2S5 enabled by operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy journal January 2020
Spatial dynamics of lithiation and lithium plating during high-rate operation of graphite electrodes journal January 2020
Re-examining rates of lithium-ion battery technology improvement and cost decline journal January 2021
Characterization of mechanical degradation in an all-solid-state battery cathode journal January 2020
All-solid-state lithium batteries enabled by sulfide electrolytes: from fundamental research to practical engineering design journal January 2021
Quantification of heterogeneous, irreversible lithium plating in extreme fast charging of lithium-ion batteries journal January 2021
Pathways towards managing cost and degradation risk of fast charging cells with electrical and thermal controls journal January 2021
A novel high energy density rechargeable lithium/air battery journal January 2010
Factors affecting cyclic durability of all-solid-state lithium polymer batteries using poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid polymer electrolytes journal January 2010
Role of surface coating on cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries journal January 2010
Depth-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopic study on nanoscale observation of the electrode–solid electrolyte interface for all solid state lithium ion batteries journal January 2011
In situ SEM study of a lithium deposition and dissolution mechanism in a bulk-type solid-state cell with a Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolyte journal January 2013
Improvement of chemical stability of Li3PS4 glass electrolytes by adding MxOy (M = Fe, Zn, and Bi) nanoparticles journal January 2013
In-situ nanoscale mapping of surface potential in all-solid-state thin film Li-ion battery using Kelvin probe force microscopy journal March 2012
Pressing challenges of halide perovskite thin film growth journal November 2020
Flexible, solid-state, ion-conducting membrane with 3D garnet nanofiber networks for lithium batteries journal June 2016
Continuous plating/stripping behavior of solid-state lithium metal anode in a 3D ion-conductive framework journal March 2018
Solid polymer electrolytes: materials designing and all-solid-state battery applications: an overview journal October 2008
Challenges and perspectives of NASICON-type solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries journal January 2020
Forming solid electrolyte interphase in situ in an ionic conducting Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 -polypropylene (PP) based separator for Li-ion batteries journal July 2016
Impedance-Based Battery Management System for Safety Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Batteries journal August 2018
Novel Fast Lithium Ion Conduction in Garnet-Type Li 5 La 3 M 2 O 12 (M = Nb, Ta) journal March 2003
Toward garnet electrolyte–based Li metal batteries: An ultrathin, highly effective, artificial solid-state electrolyte/metallic Li interface journal April 2017
Atomic Layer Deposition of Oxide Thin Films with Metal Alkoxides as Oxygen Sources journal April 2000
Atomic structure of sensitive battery materials and interfaces revealed by cryo–electron microscopy journal October 2017
A general method to synthesize and sinter bulk ceramics in seconds journal April 2020
The Impact of Elastic Deformation on Deposition Kinetics at Lithium/Polymer Interfaces journal January 2005
Li∕Polymer Electrolyte∕Water Stable Lithium-Conducting Glass Ceramics Composite for Lithium–Air Secondary Batteries with an Aqueous Electrolyte journal January 2008
Electrochemical Analysis of Li[sub 4]Ti[sub 5]O[sub 12] Electrode in All-Solid-State Lithium Secondary Batteries journal January 2009
Review—Interfaces: Key Issue to Be Solved for All Solid-State Lithium Battery Technologies journal March 2020
Empowering the Lithium Metal Battery through a Silicon-Based Superionic Conductor journal January 2014
All-Solid-State Battery Electrode Sheets Prepared by a Slurry Coating Process journal January 2017
Crystal Structure of Fast Lithium-ion-conducting Cubic Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 journal January 2011
Architectural design and fabrication approaches for solid-state batteries journal October 2018
Interfaces Between Cathode and Electrolyte in Solid State Lithium Batteries: Challenges and Perspectives journal December 2018
Recent Advances in Inorganic Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries journal June 2014
Lithium Superionic Conductor Li9.42Si1.02P2.1S9.96O2.04 with Li10GeP2S12-Type Structure in the Li2S–P2S5–SiO2 Pseudoternary System: Synthesis, Electrochemical Properties, and Structure–Composition Relationships journal December 2016
Progress of Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) Method, Systems, Ceramics Applications and Industrialization journal April 2021
Inkjet Printing of Carbon Nanotubes journal July 2013
Glass Electrolytes with High Ion Conductivity and High Chemical Stability in the System LiI-Li2O-Li2S-P2S5 journal January 2013
In-Situ Electron Microscope Observations of Electrochemical Li Deposition/Dissolution with a LiPON Electrolyte journal January 2014

Figures / Tables (12)

Figure 1(p. 7)figure Figure 1
Table 1(p. 13)table Table 1
Figure 2(p. 15)figure Figure 2
Figure 3(p. 17)figure Figure 3
Figure 4(p. 20)figure Figure 4
Figure 5(p. 28)figure Figure 5
Figure 6(p. 34)figure Figure 6
Figure 7(p. 38)figure Figure 7
Figure 8(p. 43)figure Figure 8
Figure 9(p. 45)figure Figure 9
Figure 10(p. 48)figure Figure 10
Table 2(p. 50)table Table 2

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Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
solid state battery
solid state electrolyte