Co-Processing Agricultural Residues and Wet Organic Waste Can Produce Lower-Cost Carbon-Negative Fuels and Bioplastics
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- Energy & Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, Life-Cycle, Economics, and Agronomy Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Life-Cycle, Economics, and Agronomy Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy & Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, Life-Cycle, Economics, and Agronomy Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
Scalable, low-cost biofuel and biochemical production can accelerate progress on the path to a more circular carbon economy and reduced dependence on crude oil. Rather than producing a single fuel product, lignocellulosic biorefineries have the potential to serve as hubs for the production of fuels, production of petrochemical replacements, and treatment of high-moisture organic waste. A detailed techno-economic analysis and life-cycle greenhouse gas assessment are developed to explore the cost and emission impacts of integrated corn stover-to-ethanol biorefineries that incorporate both codigestion of organic wastes and different strategies for utilizing biogas, including onsite energy generation, upgrading to bio-compressed natural gas (bioCNG), conversion to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) bioplastic, and conversion to single-cell protein (SCP). We find that codigesting manure or a combination of manure and food waste alongside process wastewater can reduce the biorefinery’s total costs per metric ton of CO2 equivalent mitigated by half or more. Upgrading biogas to bioCNG is the most cost-effective climate mitigation strategy, while upgrading biogas to PHB or SCP is competitive with combusting biogas onsite.
- Research Organization:
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231; EE0008934
- OSTI ID:
- 1923725
- Alternate ID(s):
- OSTI ID: 1958263; OSTI ID: 2008109
- Journal Information:
- Environmental Science and Technology, Journal Name: Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 57 Journal Issue: 7; ISSN 0013-936X
- Publisher:
- American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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