A Tri-Port Current-Source Soft-Switching Medium-Voltage String Inverter for Large-Scale Solar-Plus-Storage Farms

An, Zheng; Han, Xiangyu; Chowdhury, Vikram Roy; Benzaquen, Joseph; Kandula, Rajendra Prasad; Divan, Deepak

doi:10.1109/tpel.2022.3185006

A Tri-Port Current-Source Soft-Switching Medium-Voltage String Inverter for Large-Scale Solar-Plus-Storage Farms

Journal Article · Tue Jun 21 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2022.3185006· OSTI ID:1923320

^[1]; Han, Xiangyu ^[2]; Chowdhury, Vikram Roy ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[4]

Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); Georgia Institute of Technology
Georgia Inst. Tech, Atlanta, GA (United States); Tesla Inc., Palo Alto, CA (United States)
Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

This article presents a tri-port current-source soft-switching medium-voltage string inverter (TMVSI) to reduce the Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of large-scale solar-plus-storage (SPS) farms. Throughout this work, the topology, operating principle, circuit simulation, control, and hardware design of the TMVSI are introduced. In addition, three key challenges compromising the performance of the TMVSI are addressed in this article. First, a new feed-forward compensation for model predictive control of the TMVSI is proposed to compensate for sampling and computational delay and high dc-link ripple with low computational cost and high scalability. Second, the use of laminated permanent magnets is proposed to reduce the losses of the MV medium-frequency transformer (MFT) in the TMVSI while increasing its saturation current. Finally, an improved U-shape winding pattern is proposed to decrease the leakage inductance of the MV MFT and reduce the voltage stress across semiconductor switches without adding cost or complexity. Here, the effectiveness of the TMVSI is validated by experiments at up to 20kW/500V in different test cases with custom-built prototypes. The contributions of this work make the TMVSI a viable solution to SPS farms and unleash its potential for LCOE reduction.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0008351

OSTI ID:: 1923320

Journal Information:: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 37; ISSN 0885-8993

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (60)

1-MW solar power inverter with boost converter using all SiC power module Fujii, K.; Noto, Y.; Okuma, Y. EPE Journal, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/09398368.2016.1272209	journal	October 2016
Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters: a survey Kazmierkowski, M. P.; Malesani, L. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 45, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/41.720325	journal	January 1998
Medium Voltage Large-Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Cascaded H-Bridge and Modular Multilevel Converters: A Review Elsanabary, Ahmed Ibrahim; Konstantinou, Georgios; Mekhilef, Saad IEEE Access, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3044882	journal	January 2020
Core Losses of Nanocrystalline Materials Under DC Bias Conditions Mauger, Mickael J.; Zheng, Xiwei; Kandula, Prasad 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC39645.2020.9124079	conference	March 2020
Modular Isolated Soft-Switching Medium Voltage String Inverter for Large-Scale PV Farm An, Zheng; Han, Xiangyu; Zheng, Liran 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC39645.2020.9124584	conference	March 2020
Farm-level Interactions Study of a Novel Tri-port Soft-switching Medium-Voltage String Inverter (MVSI) based Large-scale PV-Plus-Storage Farms Chowdhury, Vikram Roy; An, Zheng; Kandula, Rajendra Prasad 2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773544	conference	March 2022
Optimal Design of the Resonant Tank of the Soft-Switching Solid-State Transformer Mauger, Mickael J.; Kandula, Prasad; Divan, Deepak 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2019.8912633	conference	September 2019
Enabling High Efficiency in Low-Voltage Soft-Switching Current Source Converters Marellapudi, Aniruddh; Mauger, Mickael J.; Kandula, Prasad 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235719	conference	October 2020
Design of Control Architecture for Stacked Low-Inertia Converters with Fast Dynamic Control Han, Xiangyu; Zheng, Liran; An, Zheng 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235778	conference	October 2020
Layout, Packaging, and Efficiency Implications of a 1.7 kV Hybrid Si/SiC Reverse Blocking Switch Module in Soft-Switching Current Source Converters Marellapudi, Aniruddh; Houska, Bradford; Mauger, Mickael J. 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9594949	conference	October 2021
Comparative Investigation of System-Level Optimized Power Conversion System Architectures to Reduce LCOE for Large-Scale PV-Plus-Storage Farms An, Zheng; Kandula, Rajendra Prasad; Divan, Deepak 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595154	conference	October 2021
Feed-Forward Compensation for Model Predictive Control in Tri-port Current-Source Medium-Voltage String Inverters for PV-Plus-Storage Farms An, Zheng; Kandula, Rajendra Prasad; Divan, Deepak 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595299	conference	October 2021
A Multiport DC Transformer to Enable Flexible Scalable DC as a Service Mauger, Mickael J.; Chowdhury, Vikram Roy; Kandula, Prasad 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595494	conference	October 2021
Soft-Switching Current Source Inverter for Next-Generation Electric Vehicle Drivetrains Mauger, Mickael J.; Kandula, Prasad; Divan, Deepak 2020 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC48692.2020.9161493	conference	June 2020
Hybrid Resonant ZVZCS PWM Full-Bridge Converter for Large Photovoltaic Parks Connecting to MVDC Grids Ning, Guangfu; Chen, Wu; Shu, Liangcai IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2017.2651020	journal	September 2017
Comprehensive Review and Comparison of Single-Phase Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Microinverters Alluhaybi, Khalil; Batarseh, Issa; Hu, Haibing IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2019.2900413	journal	June 2020
A Medium-Voltage DC-Collection Grid for Large-Scale PV Power Plants With Interleaved Modular Multilevel Converter Alhuwaishel, Fahad M.; Allehyani, Ahmed K.; Al-Obaidi, Sinan A. Sabeeh IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2019.2934736	journal	December 2020
A 150-kW 99% Efficient All-Silicon-Carbide Triple-Active-Bridge Converter for Solar-Plus-Storage Systems Wu, Yuheng; Mahmud, Mohammad Hazzaz; Christian, Shamar IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2020.3044572	journal	August 2022
The Case for Soft Switching in Four-Quadrant Power Converters Divan, Deepak; Kandula, Rajendra Prasad; Mauger, Mickael J. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2021.3112658	journal	December 2021
Insulation Coordination Design for Grid-Connected Solid-State Transformers Xu, Chunmeng; Wei, Jia; Zheng, Liran IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2021.3125708	journal	August 2022
Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: An Overview of Recent Research and Emerging PV Converter Technology Kouro, Samir; Leon, Jose I.; Vinnikov, Dimitri IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/MIE.2014.2376976	journal	March 2015
A Power Mismatch Elimination Strategy for an MMC-Based Photovoltaic System Bayat, Hasan; Yazdani, Amirnaser IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 33, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2018.2819982	journal	September 2018
A Maximum-Output-Power-Point-Tracking-Controlled Dual-Active Bridge Converter for Photovoltaic Energy Integration Into MVDC Grids Hu, Jingxin; Joebges, Philipp; Pasupuleti, Goutham C. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2018.2874936	journal	March 2019
State-of-the-Art of the Medium-Voltage Power Converter Technologies for Grid Integration of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants Rabiul Islam, Md.; Mahfuz-Ur-Rahman, A. M.; Muttaqi, Kashem M. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2018.2878885	journal	March 2019
A Review of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters for Photovoltaic Modules Kjaer, S. B.; Pedersen, J. K.; Blaabjerg, F. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 41, Issue 5, p. 1292-1306 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2005.853371	journal	September 2005
An Isolated Three-Port Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for Photovoltaic Systems With Energy Storage Zeng, Jianwu; Qiao, Wei; Qu, Liyan IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 51, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2015.2399613	journal	July 2015
Dual Active Bridge Based Reduced Stage Multiport DC/AC Converter for PV-Battery Systems Kurm, Shashank; Agarwal, Vivek IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 58, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2021.3137371	journal	March 2022
Comparison of Prediction Techniques to Compensate Time Delays Caused by Digital Control of a Three-Phase Buck-Type PWM Rectifier System Nussbaumer, Thomas; Heldwein, Marcelo Lobo; Gong, Guanghai IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 55, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2007.909061	journal	January 2008
An Energy-Stored Quasi-Z-Source Inverter for Application to Photovoltaic Power System Ge, Baoming; Abu-Rub, Haitham; Peng, Fang Zheng IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 60, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2012.2217711	journal	October 2013
Hysteresis Losses in Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnets in Rotating Electrical Machines Pyrhonen, Juha; Ruoho, Sami; Nerg, Janne IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 62, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2014.2354597	journal	February 2015
Optimized Operation of Current-Fed Dual Active Bridge DC–DC Converter for PV Applications Shi, Yuxiang; Li, Rui; Xue, Yaosuo IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 62, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2015.2432093	journal	November 2015
Modular High-Power DC–DC Converter for MVDC Renewable Energy Collection Systems Li, Binbin; Liu, Jianying; Wang, Zhiyuan IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 68, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2020.2994878	journal	July 2021
Multi-Input Inverter for Grid-Connected Hybrid PV/Wind Power System Chen, Yaow-Ming; Liu, Yuan-Chuan; Hung, Shih-Chieh IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 22, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2007.897117	journal	May 2007
Loss Characterization and Calculation of Nanocrystalline Cores for High-Frequency Magnetics Applications No authors listed IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2007.911881	journal	January 2008
An Isolated Three-Port Bidirectional DC-DC Converter With Decoupled Power Flow Management Zhao, Chuanhong; Round, Simon D.; Kolar, Johann W. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 23, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2008.2002056	journal	September 2008
Three-Port Series-Resonant DC–DC Converter to Interface Renewable Energy Sources With Bidirectional Load and Energy Storage Ports Krishnaswami, H.; Mohan, N. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24, Issue 10, p. 2289-2297 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2009.2022756	journal	October 2009
A Review of Power Decoupling Techniques for Microinverters With Three Different Decoupling Capacitor Locations in PV Systems Hu, Haibing; Harb, Souhib; Kutkut, Nasser IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2221482	journal	June 2013
An LLC Resonant DC–DC Converter for Wide Output Voltage Range Battery Charging Applications Musavi, Fariborz; Craciun, Marian; Gautam, Deepak S. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2241792	journal	December 2013
Power Balance of Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Converters for Large-Scale Photovoltaic Integration Yu, Yifan; Konstantinou, Georgios; Hredzak, Branislav IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 31, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2406315	journal	January 2016
Dual Active Bridge-Based Battery Charger for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle With Charging Current Containing Low Frequency Ripple Xue, Lingxiao; Shen, Zhiyu; Boroyevich, Dushan IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 30, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2413815	journal	December 2015
Soft-Switching Solid-State Transformer (S4T) Chen, Hao; Divan, Deepak IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 33, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2017.2707581	journal	April 2018
Design of a 10-kV·A Soft-Switching Solid-State Transformer (S4T) Chen, Hao; Divan, Deepak IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 33, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2017.2749430	journal	July 2018
Review of Multiport Converters for Solar and Energy Storage Integration Bhattacharjee, Amit Kumar; Kutkut, Nasser; Batarseh, Issa IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 34, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2018.2830788	journal	February 2019
A Low-Loss Inductor Structure and Design Guidelines for High-Frequency Applications Yang, Rachel S.; Hanson, Alex J.; Reese, Bradley A. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 34, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2019.2892397	journal	October 2019
A ZVS Three-Port DC/DC Converter for High-Voltage Bus-Based Photovoltaic Systems Deng, Junyun; Wang, Haoyu; Shang, Ming IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 34, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2019.2895976	journal	November 2019
A Reduced-Switch-Count Family of Soft-Switched High-Frequency Inductive AC-Link Converters Mozaffari, Khalegh; Amirabadi, Mahshid IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 35, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.2965582	journal	August 2020
A Combined Three-Port LLC Structure for Adaptive Power Flow Adjustment of PV Systems Qian, Ting; Guo, Kai; Qian, Chenghui IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 35, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.2974965	journal	October 2020
Three-Port Full-Bridge Bidirectional Converter for Hybrid DC/DC/AC Systems Neira, Sebastian; Pereda, Javier; Rojas, Felix IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 35, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.2990667	journal	December 2020
Characterization of 3.3-kV Reverse-Blocking SiC Modules for Use in Current-Source Zero-Voltage-Switching Converters Han, Xiangyu; Zheng, Liran; Kandula, Rajendra Prasad IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 36, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.2999878	journal	January 2021
A Comprehensive Review of Capacitor Voltage Balancing Strategies for Multilevel Converters Under Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM Wu, Mingzhe; Li, Yun Wei; Konstantinou, Georgios IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 36, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.3012915	journal	March 2021
Soft-Switching Solid-State Transformer With Reduced Conduction Loss Zheng, Liran; Kandula, Rajendra Prasad; Divan, Deepak IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 36, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.3030795	journal	May 2021
Stacked Low-Inertia Converter or Solid-State Transformer: Modeling and Model Predictive Priority-Shifting Control for Voltage Balance Zheng, Liran; Kandula, Rajendra Prasad; Kandasamy, Karthik IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 36, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3050115	journal	August 2021
SiC-Based 5-kV Universal Modular Soft-Switching Solid-State Transformer (M-S4T) for Medium-Voltage DC Microgrids and Distribution Grids Zheng, Liran; Han, Xiangyu; An, Zheng IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 36, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3066908	journal	October 2021
New Modulation and Impact of Transformer Leakage Inductance on Current-Source Solid-State Transformer Zheng, Liran; Kandula, Rajendra Prasad; Kandasamy, Karthik IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 37, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3101811	journal	January 2022
Review of Soft-Switching Topologies for Single-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters Chen, Yenan; Xu, Dehong GE Mark IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3106258	journal	January 2021
A Nonisolated Three-Port DC–DC Converter With Two Bidirectional Ports and Fewer Components Aljarajreh, Hamzeh; Lu, Dylan Dah-Chuan; Siwakoti, Yam P. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 37, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2022.3146837	journal	July 2022
Three-Port Converter With Single Coupled Inductor for High Step-Up Applications Liang, Tsorng-Juu; Liao, Kuo-Fu; Chen, Kai-Hui IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 37, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2022.3153040	journal	August 2022
Laminated Permanent Magnets Enable Compact Magnetic Components in Current-Source Converters An, Zheng; Han, Xiangyu; Mauger, Mickael J. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 37, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2022.3175388	journal	October 2022
Evaluation of DC Collector-Grid Configurations for Large Photovoltaic Parks Siddique, Hafiz Abu Bakar; De Doncker, Rik W. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 33, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2017.2702018	journal	February 2018
Soft-switching – The Key to High Power WBG Converters Divan, Deepak; An, Zheng; Kandula, Prasad 2018 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Niigata 2018 -ECCE Asia) https://doi.org/10.23919/IPEC.2018.8507370	conference	May 2018

Similar Records

Farm-level Interactions Study of a Novel Tri-port Soft-switching Medium-Voltage String Inverter (MVSI) based Large-scale PV-Plus-Storage Farms

Conference · Sun Mar 20 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Conference Proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) (Online) · OSTI ID:1923364

Feed-Forward Compensation for Model Predictive Control in Tri-port Current-Source Medium-Voltage String Inverters for PV-Plus-Storage Farms

Conference · Sun Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · OSTI ID:1923366

Modular HF Isolated MV String Inverters Enable a New Paradigm for Large PV Farms

Technical Report · Thu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · OSTI ID:1907385

Related Subjects

14 SOLAR ENERGY
delay compensation
medium-frequency transformer
medium-voltage string inverters
solar-plus-storage
tri-port

A Tri-Port Current-Source Soft-Switching Medium-Voltage String Inverter for Large-Scale Solar-Plus-Storage Farms

Citation Formats

References (60)

Similar Records

Related Subjects