Characterization of promoter elements of isoprene‐responsive genes and the ability of isoprene to bind START domain transcription factors

Weraduwage, Sarathi M.; Sahu, Abira; Kulke, Martin; Vermaas, Josh V.; Sharkey, Thomas D.

doi:10.1002/pld3.483

Characterization of promoter elements of isoprene‐responsive genes and the ability of isoprene to bind START domain transcription factors

Journal Article · Tue Jan 31 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Plant Direct

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.483· OSTI ID:1922968

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MSU‐DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
MSU‐DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
MSU‐DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
MSU‐DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA, Plant Resilience Institute Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

Abstract

Isoprene has recently been proposed to be a signaling molecule that can enhance tolerance of both biotic and abiotic stress. Not all plants make isoprene, but all plants tested to date respond to isoprene. We hypothesized that isoprene interacts with existing signaling pathways rather than requiring novel mechanisms for its effect on plants. We analyzed the cis‐regulatory elements (CREs) in promoters of isoprene‐responsive genes and the corresponding transcription factors binding these promoter elements to obtain clues about the transcription factors and other proteins involved in isoprene signaling. Promoter regions of isoprene‐responsive genes were characterized using the Arabidopsis cis‐regulatory element database. CREs bind ARR1, Dof, DPBF, bHLH112, GATA factors, GT‐1, MYB, and WRKY transcription factors, and light‐responsive elements were overrepresented in promoters of isoprene‐responsive genes; CBF‐, HSF‐, WUS‐binding motifs were underrepresented. Transcription factors corresponding to CREs overrepresented in promoters of isoprene‐responsive genes were mainly those important for stress responses: drought‐, salt/osmotic‐, oxidative‐, herbivory/wounding and pathogen‐stress. More than half of the isoprene‐responsive genes contained at least one binding site for TFs of the class IV (homeodomain leucine zipper) HD‐ZIP family, such as GL2, ATML1, PDF2, HDG11, ATHB17. While the HD‐zipper‐loop‐zipper (ZLZ) domain binds to the L1 box of the promoter region, a special domain called the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein‐related lipid transfer, or START domain, can bind ligands such as fatty acids (e.g., linolenic and linoleic acid). We tested whether isoprene might bind in such a START domain. Molecular simulations and modeling to test interactions between isoprene and a class IV HD‐ZIP family START‐domain‐containing protein were carried out. Without membrane penetration by the HDG11 START domain, isoprene within the lipid bilayer was inaccessible to this domain, preventing protein interactions with membrane bound isoprene. The cross‐talk between isoprene‐mediated signaling and other growth regulator and stress signaling pathways, in terms of common CREs and transcription factors could enhance the stability of the isoprene emission trait when it evolves in a plant but so far it has not been possible to say what how isoprene is sensed to initiate signaling responses.

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Research Organization:: Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Madison, WI (United States); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory; Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018409

OSTI ID:: 1922968

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2472380
OSTI ID: 1922970

Journal Information:: Plant Direct, Journal Name: Plant Direct Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 7; ISSN 2475-4455

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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