Using a Grid-Forming Inverter to Stabilize a Low-Inertia Power System - Maui Hawaiian Island

Kenyon, Rick Wallace; Sajadi, Amirhossein; Hoke, Andy; Hodge, Bri-Mathias

doi:10.1109/ISGT-Europe54678.2022.9960290

Using a Grid-Forming Inverter to Stabilize a Low-Inertia Power System - Maui Hawaiian Island

Conference · Sun Nov 27 23:00:00 EST 2022

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-Europe54678.2022.9960290· OSTI ID:1922192

Kenyon, Rick Wallace; Sajadi, Amirhossein; ; Hodge, Bri-Mathias

As power systems around the world integrate greater amounts of wind and solar photovoltaic power, periods of very high instantaneous power shares of inverters, the primary interfacing technology for these generation sources, are complicating system stability and control. The contemporary, primary mode of inverter operation, grid-following, which explicitly assumes the presence of a local, stable voltage waveform, yields operational inadequacy at high instantaneous power shares potentially leading to instability due to the low-inertia conditions, as well as the correlated reduced voltage forming capacity on the respective system. Parallel connected grid-forming inverters, which directly regulate the local voltage, are a solution that is expected to bolster system stability and mitigate the shortcomings of the grid-following technology. In this paper, grid-following and two types of grid-forming inverter control, the traditional linear droop and the recently introduced nonlinear exponential droop (Droop-e), are simulated on a low-inertia, H = 0.48s, high inverter-based resource scenario, 97%, with a validated electromagentic transient domain model of the Hawaiian island of Maui power system. The benefit of a single grid-forming device over its grid-following counterpart is significant, both in terms frequency deviation and voltage stability. Further, the superiority of the Droop-e and the associated secondary power sharing control over both grid-following and linear droop grid-forming technologies is displayed, with improved nadir and rate of change of frequency over the linear droop control.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

DOE Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1922192

Report Number(s):: NREL/CP-5D00-85139; MainId:85912; UUID:c8094d58-cb19-4d25-940a-e2531753808b; MainAdminID:68562

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (14)

Island Power Systems With High Levels of Inverter-Based Resources: Stability and Reliability Challenges Hoke, Andy; Gevorgian, Vahan; Shah, Shahil IEEE Electrification Magazine, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2020.3047169	journal	March 2021
Synchronization in electric power networks with inherent heterogeneity up to 100% inverter-based renewable generation Sajadi, Amirhossein; Kenyon, Rick Wallace; Hodge, Bri-Mathias Nature Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30164-3	journal	May 2022
Virtual synchronous machine Beck, Hans-Peter; Hesse, Ralf 2007 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation https://doi.org/10.1109/EPQU.2007.4424220	conference	October 2007
Evaluating Methods for Measuring Grid Frequency in Low-Inertia Power Systems Ting, Jocelyn; Wang, Bin; Kenyon, Rick Wallace 2022 IEEE Kansas Power and Energy Conference (KPEC) https://doi.org/10.1109/KPEC54747.2022.9814727	conference	April 2022
Open-Source PSCAD Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Inverters and A Benchmark for Zero-Inertia Power System Simulations Kenyon, Rick Wallace; Sajadi, Amirhossein; Hoke, Andy 2021 IEEE Kansas Power and Energy Conference (KPEC) https://doi.org/10.1109/KPEC51835.2021.9446243	conference	April 2021
Addressing technical challenges in 100% variable inverter‐based renewable energy power systems Hodge, Bri‐Mathias S.; Jain, Himanshu; Brancucci, Carlo WIREs Energy and Environment, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.376	journal	May 2020
Grid-Forming Inverters: A Critical Asset for the Power Grid Lasseter, Robert H.; Chen, Zhe; Pattabiraman, Dinesh IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2019.2959271	journal	June 2020
Synthesizing Virtual Oscillators to Control Islanded Inverters Johnson, Brian B.; Sinha, Mohit; Ainsworth, Nathan G. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 31, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2497217	journal	August 2016
Grid-Forming Inverters: Are They the Key for High Renewable Penetration? Matevosyan, Julia; Vital, Vijay; O'Sullivan, Jon IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Vol. 17, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/MPE.2019.2933072	journal	November 2019
Validation of Maui PSCAD Model: Motivation, Methodology, and Lessons Learned Kenyon, Rick Wallace; Wang, Bin; Hoke, Anderson 2020 52nd North American Power Symposium (NAPS) https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS50074.2021.9449773	conference	April 2021
Achieving a 100% Renewable Grid: Operating Electric Power Systems with Extremely High Levels of Variable Renewable Energy Kroposki, Benjamin; Johnson, Brian; Zhang, Yingchen IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/MPE.2016.2637122	journal	March 2017
Grid-Following Inverters and Synchronous Condensers: A Grid-Forming Pair? Kenyon, Rick Wallace; Hoke, Anderson; Tan, Jin 2020 Clemson University Power Systems Conference (PSC) https://doi.org/10.1109/PSC50246.2020.9131310	conference	March 2020
Stability and control of power systems with high penetrations of inverter-based resources: An accessible review of current knowledge and open questions Kenyon, Rick Wallace; Bossart, Matthew; Marković, Marija Solar Energy, Vol. 210 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.05.053	journal	November 2020
Impact of Low Rotational Inertia on Power System Stability and Operation Ulbig, Andreas; Borsche, Theodor S.; Andersson, Göran IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Vol. 47, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.02615	journal	January 2014

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