Grid Impact Analysis and Mitigation of En-Route Charging Stations for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles

Zhu, Xiangqi; Mishra, Partha; Mather, Barry; Zhang, Mingzhi; Meintz, Andrew

doi:10.1109/OAJPE.2022.3233804

Title: Grid Impact Analysis and Mitigation of En-Route Charging Stations for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles

Journal Article · Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2023 · IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2022.3233804· OSTI ID:1916500

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Power Systems Engineering Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
Center for Integrated Mobility Sciences, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA

This paper presents a comprehensive grid impact analysis design and corresponding mitigation strategies for heavy-duty electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. The charging load of heavy-duty charging station can reach several megawatts, which could induce adverse impacts on the distribution grid if not effectively mitigated. To analyze the impacts and provide corresponding solutions, we select four representative distribution systems - including both single-feeder cases and a multi-feeder case - and design thorough test metrics for the impact analysis. The charging load profiles used in the analysis are derived from realistic conventional heavy-duty vehicle travel data. Based on the analysis results, charging stations are placed at three different representative locations in each distribution system: best, good, and worst locations. Mitigation strategies using a combination of smart charger functionality, on-site photovoltaic (PV) generation, and on-site energy storage (ES) are proposed and tested. A sizing method is also proposed to find the optimal PV-ES-charger capacity that minimizes the capital cost.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1916500

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1916501; OSTI ID: 1958154

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5D00-85380; 10005124

Journal Information:: IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy, Journal Name: IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy Vol. 10; ISSN 2687-7910

Publisher:: Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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