Layer spacing gradient (NaLi)1–xCoO2 for electrochemical Li extraction

Hill, Grant T.; Shi, Fengyuan; Zhou, Hua; Han, Yu; Liu, Chong

doi:10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.005

Layer spacing gradient (NaLi)_1–xCoO₂ for electrochemical Li extraction

Journal Article · Sun Feb 28 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Matter (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.005· OSTI ID:1909331

Hill, Grant T. ^[1]; Shi, Fengyuan ^[2]; Zhou, Hua ^[3]; Han, Yu ^[1]; ^[1]

Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Designing materials with high Li to Na selectivity is the key for direct extraction of Li from unconventional sources, such as seawater, without complex separations. However, material discovery is hindered by an insufficient understanding on how a material's composition and structure relate to Li selectivity during electrochemical co-intercalation. Here, we synthesized a core-shell structured (NaLi)_1-xCoO₂ with a core Li phase (Li_0.94CoO₂), a shell Na phase (Na_0.51CoO₂), and a transition intermediate phase via Na ion-exchange of parent Li_1-xCoO₂. We reveal that the chemical compositions and spatial relation of these phases play critical roles in governing high Li to Na selectivity. The core Li phase restricts large layer spacing expansion and inhibits Na intercalation. The shell Na phase serves to maintain the electrode stability against further Na ion exchange. With the layer spacing gradient design, we achieved a high Li selectivity of 1.5 x 10⁵ with a recovery of similar to 7.6:1 Li to Na from 1:20,000 initial ratio.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1909331

Journal Information:: Matter (Online), Journal Name: Matter (Online) Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 4; ISSN 2590-2385

Publisher:: Cell Press/ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Li extraction
co-intercalation
core-shell
electrochemical intercalation
ion-exchange
layered oxides

Layer spacing gradient (NaLi)1–xCoO2 for electrochemical Li extraction

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Layer spacing gradient (NaLi)_1–xCoO₂ for electrochemical Li extraction