Micro- and Nanoscale Surface Analysis of Late Iron Age Glass from Broborg, a Vitrified Swedish Hillfort

Matthews, Bethany E.; Neeway, James J.; Farias, Lorena Nava; Marcial, José; Arey, Bruce W.; Soltis, Jennifer; Kovarik, Libor; Zhu, Zihua; Schweiger, Michael J.; Canfield, Nathan; Varga, Tamas; Bowden, Mark E.; Weaver, Jamie L.; McCloy, John S.; Sjöblom, Rolf; Hjärthner-Holdar, Eva; Englund, Mia; Ogenhall, Erik; Vicenzi, Edward P.; Corkhill, Claire L.; Thorpe, Clare; Hand, Russell J.; Peeler, David K.; Pearce, Carolyn I.; Kruger, Albert A.

doi:10.1093/micmic/ozac032

Micro- and Nanoscale Surface Analysis of Late Iron Age Glass from Broborg, a Vitrified Swedish Hillfort

Journal Article · Tue Jan 10 23:00:00 EST 2023 · Microscopy and Microanalysis

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/micmic/ozac032· OSTI ID:1908915

; Neeway, James J.; Farias, Lorena Nava; Marcial, José; Arey, Bruce W.; Soltis, Jennifer; Kovarik, Libor; Zhu, Zihua; Schweiger, Michael J.; Canfield, Nathan; Varga, Tamas; Bowden, Mark E.; ; McCloy, John S.; Sjöblom, Rolf; Hjärthner-Holdar, Eva; Englund, Mia; Ogenhall, Erik; ; Corkhill, Claire L. more »

Abstract

Archaeological glasses with prolonged exposure to biogeochemical processes in the environment can be used to understand glass alteration, which is important for the safe disposal of vitrified nuclear waste. Samples of mafic and felsic glasses with different chemistries, formed from melting amphibolitic and granitoid rocks, were obtained from Broborg, a Swedish Iron Age hillfort. Glasses were excavated from the top of the hillfort wall and from the wall interior. A detailed microscopic, spectroscopic, and diffraction study of surficial textures and chemistries were conducted on these glasses. Felsic glass chemistry was uniform, with a smooth surface showing limited chemical alteration (<150 nm), irrespective of the position in the wall. Mafic glass was heterogeneous, with pyroxene, spinel, feldspar, and quartz crystals in the glassy matrix. Mafic glass surfaces in contact with topsoil were rougher than those within the wall and had carbon-rich material consistent with microbial colonization. Limited evidence for chemical or physical alteration of mafic glass was found; the thin melt film that coated all exposed surfaces remained intact, despite exposure to hydraulically unsaturated conditions, topsoil, and associated microbiome for over 1,500 years. This supports the assumption that aluminosilicate nuclear waste glasses will have a high chemical durability in near-surface disposal facilities.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1908915

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1923783

Journal Information:: Microscopy and Microanalysis, Journal Name: Microscopy and Microanalysis Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 29; ISSN 1431-9276

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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