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Life and death in the soil microbiome: how ecological processes influence biogeochemistry

Journal Article · · Nature Reviews Microbiology
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  1. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  4. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
  5. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  6. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States)
  7. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); University of California, Merced, CA (United States)

We report soil microorganisms shape global element cycles in life and death. Living soil microorganisms are a major engine of terrestrial biogeochemistry, driving the turnover of soil organic matter — Earth’s largest terrestrial carbon pool and the primary source of plant nutrients. Their metabolic functions are influenced by ecological interactions with other soil microbial populations, soil fauna and plants, and the surrounding soil environment. Remnants of dead microbial cells serve as fuel for these biogeochemical engines because their chemical constituents persist as soil organic matter. This non-living microbial biomass accretes over time in soil, forming one of the largest pools of organic matter on the planet. In this Review, we discuss how the biogeochemical cycling of organic matter depends on both living and dead soil microorganisms, their functional traits, and their interactions with the soil matrix and other organisms. With recent omics advances, many of the traits that frame microbial population dynamics and their ecophysiological adaptations can be deciphered directly from assembled genomes or patterns of gene or protein expression. Thus, it is now possible to leverage a trait-based understanding of microbial life and death within improved biogeochemical models and to better predict ecosystem functioning under new climate regimes.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344; AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1886139
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1908194
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-825894; 1040215
Journal Information:
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Name: Nature Reviews Microbiology Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 20; ISSN 1740-1526
Publisher:
Springer NatureCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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