Influence of metallic contaminants on the electrochemical and thermal behavior of Li-ion electrodes

Fink, Kae E.; Polzin, Bryant J.; Vaughey, John T.; Major, Joshua J.; Dunlop, Alison R.; Trask, Stephen E.; Jeka, Gerald T.; Spangenberger, Jeffrey S.; Keyser, Matthew

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230760

Influence of metallic contaminants on the electrochemical and thermal behavior of Li-ion electrodes

Journal Article · 15 January 2022 · Journal of Power Sources

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230760· OSTI ID:1908118

Fink, Kae E.; Polzin, Bryant J.; Vaughey, John T.; Major, Joshua J.; Dunlop, Alison R.; Trask, Stephen E.; Jeka, Gerald T.; Spangenberger, Jeffrey S.; Keyser, Matthew

Emerging nondestructive (direct) recycling techniques for lithium-ion batteries may introduce metallic impurities into recycled electrodes. In the present work, the impact of such nonionic contaminants on the practical performance of both anode and cathode materials is evaluated using a synergistic combination of electrochemical and thermal analysis. The impurities under study have been selected through evaluation of industrially shredded batteries, and include Fe0, Al0, Mg0, Cu0, and Si0. The electrochemical behavior of materials containing each individual contaminant at either the anode or the cathode is evaluated in both half-cell and full-cell format. Further, the first-cycle thermal signatures of full cells are used to validate and complement electrochemical signatures, and the two techniques are used in conjunction to suggest distinct mechanisms of electrochemical reactivity for the various impurities. At the anode, metallic contaminants are found to disrupt performance through direct reaction with Li and may serve as weak catalysts to accelerate electrolyte degradation. At the cathode, metallic contaminants show evidence of crossover during formation cycling to disrupt SEI formation. We suggest that coupled electrochemical and thermal analysis may be used to both identify the presence of contaminants and to elucidate specific mechanisms of reactivity for metallic impurities under anodic and cathodic conditions.

Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) - Office of Vehicle Technologies (VTO) - Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1908118

Journal Information:: Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 518

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (26)

Recycling End-of-Life Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries Chen, Mengyuan; Ma, Xiaotu; Chen, Bin Joule, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.09.014	journal	November 2019
Impurity removal with highly selective and efficient methods and the recycling of transition metals from spent lithium-ion batteries Peng, Fangwei; Mu, Deying; Li, Ruhong RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA02331C	journal	January 2019
Regeneration and reutilization of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries Zhao, Yanlan; Yuan, Xingzhong; Jiang, Longbo Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 383 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123089	journal	March 2020
Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook Or, Tyler; Gourley, Storm W. D.; Kaliyappan, Karthikeyan Carbon Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.29	journal	March 2020
Synthesis, electrochemical investigation and structural analysis of doped Li[Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2-M]O2 (x = 0, 0.05; M = Al, Fe, Sn) cathode materials Eilers-Rethwisch, Matthias; Winter, Martin; Schappacher, Falko Mark Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 387 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.02.080	journal	May 2018
Understanding fundamental effects of Cu impurity in different forms for recovered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials Zhang, Ruihan; Meng, Zifei; Ma, Xiaotu Nano Energy, Vol. 78 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105214	journal	December 2020
Copper Impurity Effects on LiNi _1/3 Mn _1/3 Co _1/3 O ₂ Cathode Material Sa, Qina; Heelan, Joseph A.; Lu, Yuan ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b04426	journal	September 2015
The effect of Fe as an impurity element for sustainable resynthesis of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 cathode material from spent lithium-ion batteries Park, Sanghyuk; Kim, Duho; Ku, Heesuk Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 296 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.001	journal	February 2019
Advanced electrochemical performance of Li[Ni(1/3−x)FexCo1/3Mn1/3]O2 as cathode materials for lithium-ion battery Li, Hongjian; Chen, Gang; Zhang, Bin Solid State Communications, Vol. 146, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2008.02.006	journal	April 2008
Systematic Study of Al Impurity for NCM622 Cathode Materials Zhang, Ruihan; Zheng, Yadong; Yao, Zeyi ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 8, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02965	journal	June 2020
Effect of impurities caused by a recycling process on the electrochemical performance of Li[Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33]O2 Krüger, S.; Hanisch, C.; Kwade, A. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 726 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.05.017	journal	July 2014
Synthesis and performance of Li[(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1−xMgx]O2 prepared from spent lithium ion batteries Weng, Yaqing; Xu, Shengming; Huang, Guoyong Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 246-247 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.12.028	journal	February 2013
A Correlative and Multi-Modal Approach to Analyzing Microscopic Particulate Contaminants in Carbon Black Poozhikunnath, Abhinav; Favata, Joseph; Ahmadi, Bahar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 25, Issue S2 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619002824	journal	August 2019
Effect of electrode manufacturing defects on electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries: Cognizance of the battery failure sources Mohanty, D.; Hockaday, E.; Li, J. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 312 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.02.007	journal	April 2016
Dissolution, migration, and deposition of transition metal ions in Li-ion batteries exemplified by Mn-based cathodes – a critical review Zhan, Chun; Wu, Tianpin; Lu, Jun Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE03122J	journal	January 2018
Measurement of Parasitic Reactions in Li Ion Cells by Electrochemical Calorimetry Krause, L. J.; Jensen, L. D.; Dahn, J. R. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 159, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.021207jes	journal	January 2012
Lithiation of Magnetite (Fe ₃ O ₄ ): Analysis Using Isothermal Microcalorimetry and Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Huie, Matthew M.; Bock, David C.; Wang, Lei The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 122, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01681	journal	April 2018
Insights into Reactivity of Silicon Negative Electrodes: Analysis Using Isothermal Microcalorimetry Housel, Lisa M.; Li, Wenzao; Quilty, Calvin D. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 11, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b10772	journal	September 2019
Elucidating the evolution of silicon anodes in lithium based batteries Li, Wenzao; Vila, Mallory N.; Takeuchi, Esther S. MRS Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 48-49 https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.312	journal	September 2020
Degradation diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries with a LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 and LiMn2O4 blended cathode using dV/dQ curve analysis Ando, Keisuke; Matsuda, Tomoyuki; Imamura, Daichi Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 390 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.043	journal	June 2018
Degradation mechanisms of high capacity 18650 cells containing Si-graphite anode and nickel-rich NMC cathode Li, Xuemin; Colclasure, Andrew M.; Finegan, Donal P. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 297 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.194	journal	February 2019
Beyond Intercalation-Based Li-Ion Batteries: The State of the Art and Challenges of Electrode Materials Reacting Through Conversion Reactions Cabana, Jordi; Monconduit, Laure; Larcher, Dominique Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201000717	journal	August 2010
The Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Formation Reactions of Ethylene Sulfate and Its Synergistic Chemistry with Prop-1-ene-1,3-Sultone in Lithium-Ion Cells Hall, David S.; Allen, J. P.; Glazier, Stephen L. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0181714jes	journal	January 2017
A Quantitative Scale of Oxophilicity and Thiophilicity Kepp, Kasper P. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 55, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01702	journal	August 2016
Understanding electrochemical potentials of cathode materials in rechargeable batteries Liu, Chaofeng; Neale, Zachary G.; Cao, Guozhong Materials Today, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2015.10.009	journal	March 2016
Passivation of aluminum current collectors in non-aqueous carbonate solutions containing sodium or potassium hexafluorophosphate salts Konarov, Aishuak; Kim, Hee Jae; Yashiro, Hitoshi Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA03911B	journal	January 2019

Similar Records

Influence of metallic contaminants on the electrochemical and thermal behavior of Li-ion electrodes

Journal Article · 2021 · Journal of Power Sources · OSTI ID:1835072

Fink, Kae E.; Polzin, Bryant J.; Vaughey, John T.; +6 more

Related Subjects

Contaminant
Differential electrochemical analysis
Direct recycling
Isothermal microcalorimetry
Lithium-ion battery recycling

Influence of metallic contaminants on the electrochemical and thermal behavior of Li-ion electrodes

Citation Formats

References (26)

Similar Records

Related Subjects