Preparation of metrological states in dipolar-interacting spin systems

Zheng, Tian-Xing; Li, Anran; Rosen, Jude; Zhou, Sisi; Koppenhöfer, Martin; Ma, Ziqi; Chong, Frederic T.; Clerk, Aashish A.; Jiang, Liang; Maurer, Peter C.

doi:10.1038/s41534-022-00667-4

Preparation of metrological states in dipolar-interacting spin systems

Journal Article · Thu Dec 22 00:00:00 EST 2022 · npj Quantum Information

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-022-00667-4· OSTI ID:1906415

; Li, Anran; ; Zhou, Sisi; ; Ma, Ziqi; Chong, Frederic T.; ; Jiang, Liang; Maurer, Peter C.

Abstract

Spin systems are an attractive candidate for quantum-enhanced metrology. Here we develop a variational method to generate metrological states in small dipolar-interacting spin ensembles with limited qubit control. For both regular and disordered spatial spin configurations the generated states enable sensing beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL) and, for small spin numbers, approach the Heisenberg limit (HL). Depending on the circuit depth and the level of readout noise, the resulting states resemble Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states or Spin Squeezed States (SSS). Sensing beyond the SQL holds in the presence of finite spin polarization and a non-Markovian noise environment. The developed black-box optimization techniques for small spin numbers ( N ≤ 10) are directly applicable to diamond-based nanoscale field sensing, where the sensor size limits N and conventional squeezing approaches fail.

View Journal Article

Research Organization:: National Quantum Information Science (QIS) Research Centers (United States). Next Generation Quantum Science and Engineering (Q-NEXT)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1906415

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2423790

Journal Information:: npj Quantum Information, Journal Name: npj Quantum Information Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 8; ISSN 2056-6387

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

References (65)

Distribution functions in physics: Fundamentals Hillery, M.; O'Connell, R. F.; Scully, M. O. Physics Reports, Vol. 106, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(84)90160-1	journal	April 1984
The Lie algebra structure and controllability of spin systems Albertini, Francesca; D'Alessandro, Domenico Linear Algebra and its Applications, Vol. 350, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3795(02)00290-2	journal	July 2002
The nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in diamond Doherty, Marcus W.; Manson, Neil B.; Delaney, Paul Physics Reports, Vol. 528, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2013.02.001	journal	July 2013
Subspace controllability of multi-partite spin networks Albertini, Francesca; D’Alessandro, Domenico Systems & Control Letters, Vol. 151 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2021.104913	journal	May 2021
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information Nielsen, Michael A.; Chuang, Isaac L. Cambridge University Press https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511976667	book	January 2011
Probing condensed matter physics with magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond Casola, Francesco; van der Sar, Toeno; Yacoby, Amir Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2017.88	journal	January 2018
Observation of dipolar spin-exchange interactions with lattice-confined polar molecules Yan, Bo; Moses, Steven A.; Gadway, Bryce Nature, Vol. 501, Issue 7468 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12483	journal	September 2013
Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometres Hensen, B.; Bernien, H.; Dréau, A. E. Nature, Vol. 526, Issue 7575 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15759	journal	October 2015
Real-space imaging of non-collinear antiferromagnetic order with a single-spin magnetometer Gross, I.; Akhtar, W.; Garcia, V. Nature, Vol. 549, Issue 7671 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23656	journal	September 2017
Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator Bernien, Hannes; Schwartz, Sylvain; Keesling, Alexander Nature, Vol. 551, Issue 7682 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24622	journal	November 2017
The elusive Heisenberg limit in quantum-enhanced metrology Demkowicz-Dobrzański, Rafał; Kołodyński, Jan; Guţă, Mădălin Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2067	journal	January 2012
The nature of domain walls in ultrathin ferromagnets revealed by scanning nanomagnetometry Tetienne, J. -P.; Hingant, T.; Martínez, L. J. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7733	journal	April 2015
Scanned probe imaging of nanoscale magnetism at cryogenic temperatures with a single-spin quantum sensor Pelliccione, Matthew; Jenkins, Alec; Ovartchaiyapong, Preeti Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.68	journal	May 2016
High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution Taylor, J. M.; Cappellaro, P.; Childress, L. Nature Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1075	journal	September 2008
General framework for estimating the ultimate precision limit in noisy quantum-enhanced metrology Escher, B. M.; de Matos Filho, R. L.; Davidovich, L. Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1958	journal	March 2011
Optical quantum nondemolition measurement of a single rare earth ion qubit Raha, Mouktik; Chen, Songtao; Phenicie, Christopher M. Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15138-7	journal	March 2020
Entanglement of dark electron-nuclear spin defects in diamond Degen, M. J.; Loenen, S. J. H.; Bartling, H. P. Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23454-9	journal	June 2021
Quantum sensors go flat Tetienne, J. -P. Nature Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01338-5	journal	August 2021
Imaging phonon-mediated hydrodynamic flow in WTe2 Vool, Uri; Hamo, Assaf; Varnavides, Georgios Nature Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01341-w	journal	September 2021
Time-reversal-based quantum metrology with many-body entangled states Colombo, Simone; Pedrozo-Peñafiel, Edwin; Adiyatullin, Albert F. Nature Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01653-5	journal	July 2022
Self-verifying variational quantum simulation of lattice models Kokail, C.; Maier, C.; van Bijnen, R. Nature, Vol. 569, Issue 7756 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1177-4	journal	May 2019
Entanglement on an optical atomic-clock transition Pedrozo-Peñafiel, Edwin; Colombo, Simone; Shu, Chi Nature, Vol. 588, Issue 7838 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-3006-1	journal	December 2020
Emergent hydrodynamics in a strongly interacting dipolar spin ensemble Zu, C.; Machado, F.; Ye, B. Nature, Vol. 597, Issue 7874 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03763-1	journal	September 2021
Optimal metrology with programmable quantum sensors Marciniak, Christian D.; Feldker, Thomas; Pogorelov, Ivan Nature, Vol. 603, Issue 7902 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04435-4	journal	March 2022
Single-DNA electron spin resonance spectroscopy in aqueous solutions Shi, Fazhan; Kong, Fei; Zhao, Pengju Nature Methods, Vol. 15, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0084-1	journal	August 2018
Variational quantum algorithms Cerezo, M.; Arrasmith, Andrew; Babbush, Ryan Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-021-00348-9	journal	August 2021
Scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry down to 350 mK Scheidegger, P. J.; Diesch, S.; Palm, M. L. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0093548	journal	May 2022
Variational-state quantum metrology Koczor, Bálint; Endo, Suguru; Jones, Tyson New Journal of Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab965e	journal	August 2020
Collective Spin-Light and Light-Mediated Spin-Spin Interactions in an Optical Cavity Li, Zeyang; Braverman, Boris; Colombo, Simone PRX Quantum, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020308	journal	April 2022
A Molecular Beam Resonance Method with Separated Oscillating Fields Ramsey, Norman F. Physical Review, Vol. 78, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.78.695	journal	June 1950
Fast computation of spherical phase-space functions of quantum many-body states Koczor, Bálint; Zeier, Robert; Glaser, Steffen J. Physical Review A, Vol. 102, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.102.062421	journal	December 2020
Squeezed spin states Kitagawa, Masahiro; Ueda, Masahito Physical Review A, Vol. 47, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.47.5138	journal	June 1993
Wigner distribution of a general angular-momentum state: Applications to a collection of two-level atoms Dowling, Jonathan P.; Agarwal, G. S.; Schleich, Wolfgang P. Physical Review A, Vol. 49, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.49.4101	journal	May 1994
Complete controllability of quantum systems Schirmer, S. G.; Fu, H.; Solomon, A. I. Physical Review A, Vol. 63, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.63.063410	journal	May 2001
Quantum correlation in disordered spin systems: Applications to magnetic sensing Cappellaro, P.; Lukin, M. D. Physical Review A, Vol. 80, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.80.032311	journal	September 2009
Magnetic field sensing beyond the standard quantum limit under the effect of decoherence Matsuzaki, Yuichiro; Benjamin, Simon C.; Fitzsimons, Joseph Physical Review A, Vol. 84, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.84.012103	journal	July 2011
Imaging of Submicroampere Currents in Bilayer Graphene Using a Scanning Diamond Magnetometer Palm, M. L.; Huxter, W. S.; Welter, P. Physical Review Applied, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.17.054008	journal	May 2022
Photoionization of negatively charged NV centers in diamond: Theory and ab initio calculations Razinkovas, Lukas; Maciaszek, Marek; Reinhard, Friedemann Physical Review B, Vol. 104, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.104.235301	journal	December 2021
Quantum Metrology in Non-Markovian Environments Chin, Alex W.; Huelga, Susana F.; Plenio, Martin B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.233601	journal	December 2012
Efficient Readout of a Single Spin State in Diamond via Spin-to-Charge Conversion Shields, B. J.; Unterreithmeier, Q. P.; de Leon, N. P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.136402	journal	March 2015
Approaching the Heisenberg Limit without Single-Particle Detection Davis, Emily; Bentsen, Gregory; Schleier-Smith, Monika Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.053601	journal	February 2016
Ultimate Precision Limits for Noisy Frequency Estimation Smirne, Andrea; Kołodyński, Jan; Huelga, Susana F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.120801	journal	March 2016
Imaging Optical Frequencies with 100 μ Hz Precision and 1.1 μ m Resolution Marti, G. Edward; Hutson, Ross B.; Goban, Akihisa Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.103201	journal	March 2018
Variational Spin-Squeezing Algorithms on Programmable Quantum Sensors Kaubruegger, Raphael; Silvi, Pietro; Kokail, Christian Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.260505	journal	December 2019
Transverse-Field Ising Dynamics in a Rydberg-Dressed Atomic Gas Borish, V.; Marković, O.; Hines, J. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.063601	journal	February 2020
Observation of Collisions between Two Ultracold Ground-State CaF Molecules Cheuk, Lawrence W.; Anderegg, Loïc; Bao, Yicheng Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.043401	journal	July 2020
Spin Squeezing with Short-Range Spin-Exchange Interactions Perlin, Michael A.; Qu, Chunlei; Rey, Ana Maria Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.223401	journal	November 2020
Dynamical Generation of Spin Squeezing in Ultracold Dipolar Molecules Bilitewski, Thomas; De Marco, Luigi; Li, Jun-Ru Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.113401	journal	March 2021
Dynamical Decoupling of Spin Ensembles with Strong Anisotropic Interactions Merkel, Benjamin; Cova Fariña, Pablo; Reiserer, Andreas Physical Review Letters, Vol. 127, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.030501	journal	July 2021
Imaging the Breakdown of Ohmic Transport in Graphene Jenkins, Alec; Baumann, Susanne; Zhou, Haoxin Physical Review Letters, Vol. 129, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.087701	journal	August 2022
Approach to High-Resolution nmr in Solids Waugh, J. S.; Huber, L. M.; Haeberlen, U. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.20.180	journal	January 1968
Quantum Metrology Giovannetti, Vittorio; Lloyd, Seth; Maccone, Lorenzo Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.010401	journal	January 2006
Quantum sensing Degen, C. L.; Reinhard, F.; Cappellaro, P. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 89, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.89.035002	journal	July 2017
Sensitivity optimization for NV-diamond magnetometry Barry, John F.; Schloss, Jennifer M.; Bauch, Erik Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 92, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.92.015004	journal	March 2020
Advantages of interaction-based readout for quantum sensing Davis, Emily; Bentsen, Gregory; Li, Tracy Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication X https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2257033	conference	February 2017
Twenty-three–millisecond electron spin coherence of erbium ions in a natural-abundance crystal Le Dantec, Marianne; Rančić, Miloš; Lin, Sen Science Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj9786	journal	December 2021
Coherent Dynamics of Coupled Electron and Nuclear Spin Qubits in Diamond Childress, L.; Gurudev Dutt, M. V.; Taylor, J. M. Science, Vol. 314, Issue 5797 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1131871	journal	October 2006
Multipartite Entanglement Among Single Spins in Diamond Neumann, P.; Mizuochi, N.; Rempp, F. Science, Vol. 320, Issue 5881 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157233	journal	June 2008
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy on a (5-Nanometer) ³ Sample Volume Staudacher, T.; Shi, F.; Pezzagna, S. Science, Vol. 339, Issue 6119 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1231675	journal	January 2013
Fisher information and entanglement of non-Gaussian spin states Strobel, H.; Muessel, W.; Linnemann, D. Science, Vol. 345, Issue 6195 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1250147	journal	July 2014
Single-protein spin resonance spectroscopy under ambient conditions Shi, F.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, P. Science, Vol. 347, Issue 6226 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa2253	journal	March 2015
Nuclear magnetic resonance detection and spectroscopy of single proteins using quantum logic Lovchinsky, I.; Sushkov, A. O.; Urbach, E. Science, Vol. 351, Issue 6275 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad8022	journal	February 2016
Parallel single-shot measurement and coherent control of solid-state spins below the diffraction limit Chen, Songtao; Raha, Mouktik; Phenicie, Christopher M. Science, Vol. 370, Issue 6516 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc7821	journal	October 2020
Quantum optimization of maximum independent set using Rydberg atom arrays Ebadi, S.; Keesling, A.; Cain, M. Science, Vol. 376, Issue 6598 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo6587	journal	June 2022
Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond: Nanoscale Sensors for Physics and Biology Schirhagl, Romana; Chang, Kevin; Loretz, Michael Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 65, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103659	journal	April 2014

Similar Records

Quantum Sensing using Geometrical Phase in Qubit-Oscillator Systems

Journal Article · Tue Nov 25 23:00:00 EST 2025 · No journal information · OSTI ID:3006302

Quantum pump for countercirculation in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate

Journal Article · Sat May 15 00:00:00 EDT 2010 · Physical Review. A · OSTI ID:21408877

Related Subjects

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
Physics

Preparation of metrological states in dipolar-interacting spin systems

Citation Formats

References (65)

Similar Records

Related Subjects