Saccharide analysis of onion outer epidermal walls

Wilson, Liza A.; Deligey, Fabien; Wang, Tuo; Cosgrove, Daniel J.

doi:10.1186/s13068-021-01923-z

Title: Saccharide analysis of onion outer epidermal walls

Journal Article · Mon Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Biotechnology for Biofuels

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-021-01923-z· OSTI ID:1906211

; Deligey, Fabien; Wang, Tuo; Cosgrove, Daniel J.

Epidermal cell walls have special structural and biological roles in the life of the plant. Typically they are multi-ply structures encrusted with waxes and cutin which protect the plant from dehydration and pathogen attack. These characteristics may also reduce chemical and enzymatic deconstruction of the wall for sugar analysis and conversion to biofuels. We have assessed the saccharide composition of the outer epidermal wall of onion scales with different analytical methods. This wall is a particularly useful model for cell wall imaging and mechanics. Epidermal walls were depolymerized by acidic methanolysis combined with 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis and the resultant sugars were analyzed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Total sugar yields based on wall dry weight were low (53%). Removal of waxes with chloroform increased the sugar yields to 73% and enzymatic digestion did not improve these yields. Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of per-O-trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of the sugar methyl glycosides produced by acidic methanolysis gave a high yield for galacturonic acid (GalA) but glucose (Glc) was severely reduced. In a complementary fashion, GC/MS analysis of methyl alditols produced by permethylation gave substantial yields for glucose and other neutral sugars, but GalA was severely reduced. Analysis of the walls by ¹³C solid-state NMR confirmed and extended these results and revealed 15% lipid content after chloroform extraction (potentially cutin and unextractable waxes). Although exact values vary with the analytical method, our best estimate is that polysaccharide in the outer epidermal wall of onion scales is comprised of homogalacturonan (~ 50%), cellulose (~ 20%), galactan (~ 10%), xyloglucan (~ 10%) and smaller amounts of other polysaccharides. Low yields of specific monosaccharides by some methods may be exaggerated in epidermal walls impregnated with waxes and cutin and call for cautious interpretation of the results.

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Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States); Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States). Complex Carbohydrate Research Center

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001090; SC0015662

OSTI ID:: 1906211

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1850713; OSTI ID: 1963846

Journal Information:: Biotechnology for Biofuels, Journal Name: Biotechnology for Biofuels Vol. 14 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 1754-6834

Publisher:: Springer Science + Business MediaCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Netherlands

Language:: English

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09 BIOMASS FUELS
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Energy & Fuels
High-performance anion-exchange chromatography
Pulsed amperometric detection
Monosaccharide analysis
Onion epidermal wall
Cuticle
Solid-state NMR
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Title: Saccharide analysis of onion outer epidermal walls

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