Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverter Comparison of Droop Response

Conference · Mon Nov 14 04:00:00 EST 2022

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938666· OSTI ID:1905994

Gurule, Nicholas S. ^[1]; Hernandez-Alvidrez, Javier ^[1]; Reno, Matthew ^[1]; Du, Wei ^[2]; Schneider, Kevin P. ^[2]

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1. Sandia National Laboratory
2. BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)

With the increase in penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in the electrical power system, the ability of these devices to provide grid support to the system has become a necessity. With standards previously developed for the interconnection requirements of grid-following inverters (GFLI) (most commonly photovoltaic inverters), it has been well documented how these inverters “should” respond to changes in voltage and frequency. However, with other IBRs such as grid-forming inverters (GFMIs) (used for energy storage systems, standalone systems, and as uninterruptable power supplies) these requirements are either: not yet documented, or require a more in deep analysis. With the increased interest in microgrids, GFMIs that can be paralleled onto a distribution system have become desired. With the proper control schemes, a GFMI can help maintain grid stability through fast response compared to rotating machines. This paper will present an experimental comparison of commercially available GFMI and GFLI ' responses to voltage and frequency deviation, as well as the GFMI operating as a standalone system and subjected to various changes in loads.

• Research Organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• DOE Contract Number: AC05-76RL01830
• OSTI ID: 1905994
• Report Number(s): PNNL-SA-174147
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

Grid Support
Inverter
Droop Control
Volt-VAR
Freq-Watt
distributed energy resources
Microgrid