Direct Ink Writing of 3D Zn Structures as High‐Capacity Anodes for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries

Zhu, Cheng; Schorr, Noah B.; Qi, Zhen; Wygant, Bryan R.; Turney, Damon E.; Yadav, Gautam G.; Worsley, Marcus A.; Duoss, Eric B.; Banerjee, Sanjoy; Spoerke, Erik D.; van Buuren, Anthony; Lambert, Timothy N.

doi:10.1002/sstr.202200323

Direct Ink Writing of 3D Zn Structures as High‐Capacity Anodes for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries

Journal Article · Wed Dec 14 23:00:00 EST 2022 · Small Structures

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202200323· OSTI ID:1905166

Zhu, Cheng ^[1]; Schorr, Noah B. ^[2]; Qi, Zhen ^[3]; Wygant, Bryan R. ^[4]; Turney, Damon E. ^[5]; Yadav, Gautam G. ^[5]; Worsley, Marcus A. ^[3]; Duoss, Eric B. ^[1]; Banerjee, Sanjoy ^[5]; Spoerke, Erik D. ^[6]; van Buuren, Anthony ^[3]; ^[4]

Engineering Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USA
Department of Power Sources R&,D Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87123 USA
Physics and Life Science Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USA
Department of Photovoltaics and Materials Technology Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87123 USA
Department of Chemical Engineering The CUNY Energy Institute City College of New York New York NY 10031 USA
Nanoscale Sciences Department Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87123 USA

The relationship between structure and performance in alkaline Zn batteries is undeniable, where anode utilization, dendrite formation, shape change, and passivation issues are all addressable through anode morphology. While tailoring 3D hosts can improve the electrode performance, these practices are inherently limited by scaffolds that increase the mass or volume. Herein, a direct write strategy for producing template‐free metallic 3D Zn electrode architectures is discussed. Concentrated inks are customized to build designs with low electrical resistivity (5 × 10 ⁻⁴ Ω cm), submillimeter sizes (200 μm filaments), and high mechanical stability (Young's modulus of 0.1–0.5 GPa at relative densities of 0.28–0.46). A printed Zn lattice anode versus NiOOH cathode with an alkaline polymer gel electrolyte is then demonstrated. This Zn||NiOOH cell operates for over 650 cycles at high rates of 25 mA cm ⁻² with an average areal capacity of 11.89 mAh cm ⁻² , a cumulative capacity of 7.8 Ah cm ⁻² , and a volumetric capacity of 23.78 mAh cm ⁻³ . A thicker Zn anode achieves an ultrahigh areal capacity of 85.45 mAh cm ⁻² and a volumetric capacity of 81.45 mAh cm ⁻³ without significant microstructural changes after 50 cycles.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 1905166

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1905168
OSTI ID: 2204103

Journal Information:: Small Structures, Journal Name: Small Structures Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 4; ISSN 2688-4062

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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