Diversity of Eastern North American Ant Communities along Environmental Gradients

Journal Article · Fri Jul 12 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · PLoS ONE

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067973· OSTI ID:1904614

Del Toro, Israel ^[1]

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1. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States); Harvard University, Petersham, MA (United States); Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)

Studies of species diversity patterns across regional environmental gradients seldom consider the impact of habitat type on within-site (alpha) and between-site (beta) diversity. This study is designed to identify the influence of habitat type across geographic and environmental space, on local patterns of species richness and regional turnover patterns of ant diversity in the northeastern United States. Specifically, I aim to 1) compare local species richness in paired open and forested transects and identify the environmental variables that best correlate with richness; and 2) document patterns of beta diversity throughout the region in both open and forested habitat. I systematically sampled ants at 67 sites from May to August 2010, spanning 10 degrees of latitude, and 1000 meters of elevation. Patterns of alpha and beta diversity across the region and along environmental gradients differed between forested and open habitats. Local species richness was higher in the low elevation and warmest sites and was always higher in open habitat than in forest habitat transects. Richness decreased as temperature decreased or elevation increased. Forested transects show strong patterns of decreasing dissimilarity in species composition between sites along the temperature gradient but open habitat transects did not. Maximum temperature of the warmest month better predicted species richness than either latitude or elevation. I find that using environmental variables as key predictors of richness yields more biologically relevant results, and produces simpler macroecological models than commonly used models which use only latitude and elevation as predictors of richness and diversity patterns. This study contributes to the understanding of mechanisms that structure the communities of important terrestrial arthropods which are likely to be influenced by climatic change.

• Research Organization: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States); University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: American Philosophical Society Lewis and Clark; National Geographic Young Explorer’s; UMass Amherst Natural History Collections; USDOE Office of Science (SC)
• Grant/Contract Number: FG02-08ER64510
• OSTI ID: 1904614
• Journal Information: PLoS ONE, Journal Name: PLoS ONE Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 8; ISSN 1932-6203
• Publisher: Public Library of Science
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
ants
community structure
forests
habitats
latitude
longitude
species diversity
temperature gradients