A 2-million-year-old ecosystem in Greenland uncovered by environmental DNA

Kjær, Kurt H.; Winther Pedersen, Mikkel; De Sanctis, Bianca; De Cahsan, Binia; Korneliussen, Thorfinn S.; Michelsen, Christian S.; Sand, Karina K.; Jelavić, Stanislav; Ruter, Anthony H.; Schmidt, Astrid A.; Kjeldsen, Kristian K.; Tesakov, Alexey S.; Snowball, Ian; Gosse, John C.; Alsos, Inger G.; Wang, Yucheng; Dockter, Christoph; Rasmussen, Magnus; Jørgensen, Morten E.; Skadhauge, Birgitte; Prohaska, Ana; Kristensen, Jeppe Å.; Bjerager, Morten; Allentoft, Morten E.; Coissac, Eric; Alsos, Inger Greve; Rouillard, Alexandra; Simakova, Alexandra; Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio; Bowler, Chris; Macias-Fauria, Marc; Vinner, Lasse; Welch, John J.; Hidy, Alan J.; Sikora, Martin; Collins, Matthew J.; Durbin, Richard; Larsen, Nicolaj K.; Willerslev, Eske

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05453-y

Title: A 2-million-year-old ecosystem in Greenland uncovered by environmental DNA

Journal Article · Wed Dec 07 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05453-y· OSTI ID:1902598

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^[3]; Korneliussen, Thorfinn S. ^[1]; Michelsen, Christian S. ^[1];

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^[4]; Ruter, Anthony H. ^[1]; Schmidt, Astrid A. ^[5];

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University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
University of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Globe Institute, Copenhagen (Denmark)
University of Copenhagen (Denmark); University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble (France); Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble (France); Université Gustave Eiffel, Grenoble (France)
Nordic Foundation for Development and Ecology (NORDECO), Copenhagen (Denmark); University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen (Denmark)
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow (Russian Federation)
Uppsala University (Sweden)
Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Canada)
UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso (Norway)
University of Copenhagen (Denmark); University of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen (Denmark)
University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
University of Copenhagen (Denmark); Curtin University, Perth, WA (Australia)
UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso (Norway); University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble (France); Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble (France); Université PSL, Paris (France)
University of Copenhagen (Denmark); UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso (Norway)
Université PSL, Paris (France)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
University of Copenhagen (Denmark); University of Cambridge (United Kingdom); University of Bremen (Germany)

Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene epochs 3.6 to 0.8 million years ago had climates resembling those forecasted under future warming. Palaeoclimatic records show strong polar amplification with mean annual temperatures of 11–19 °C above contemporary values. The biological communities inhabiting the Arctic during this time remain poorly known because fossils are rare. Here we report an ancient environmental DNA (eDNA) record describing the rich plant and animal assemblages of the Kap København Formation in North Greenland, dated to around two million years ago. The record shows an open boreal forest ecosystem with mixed vegetation of poplar, birch and thuja trees, as well as a variety of Arctic and boreal shrubs and herbs, many of which had not previously been detected at the site from macrofossil and pollen records. The DNA record confirms the presence of hare and mitochondrial DNA from animals including mastodons, reindeer, rodents and geese, all ancestral to their present-day and late Pleistocene relatives. The presence of marine species including horseshoe crab and green algae support a warmer climate than today. The reconstructed ecosystem has no modern analogue. The survival of such ancient eDNA probably relates to its binding to mineral surfaces. Our findings open new areas of genetic research, demonstrating that it is possible to track the ecology and evolution of biological communities from two million years ago using ancient eDNA.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Carlsberg Foundation; Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF); Wellcome Trust; Novo Foundation; Leverhume; GRF EXC CRS Chair - Cluster of Excellence; Villum Foundation; European Research Council (ERC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; R302-2018-2155; UNS69906; CF18-0024; NNF18SA0035006; RPG-2016-235; 44113220; CF17-0275; 00025352; 819192; CF20-0238

OSTI ID:: 1902598

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-830653; 1047300

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Vol. 612, Issue 7939; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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