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Electrochemically induced amorphous-to-rock-salt phase transformation in niobium oxide electrode for Li-ion batteries

Journal Article · · Nature Materials
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [5];  [5];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [6];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [7];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [8] more »;  [8];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [2];  [9] « less
  1. Boise State Univ., ID (United States); Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
  2. Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
  3. Boise State Univ., ID (United States)
  4. Boise State Univ., ID (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Center for Nanoscale Materials
  5. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
  6. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Center for Nanoscale Materials
  7. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  8. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab. (EMSL)
  9. Boise State Univ., ID (United States); Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Intercalation-type metal oxides are promising negative electrode materials for safe rechargeable lithium-ion batteries due to the reduced risk of Li plating at low voltages. Nevertheless, their lower energy and power density along with cycling instability remain bottlenecks for their implementation, especially for fast-charging applications. Here, we report a nanostructured rock-salt Nb2O5 electrode formed through an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation during repeated electrochemical cycling with Li+. This electrode can reversibly cycle three lithiums per Nb2O5, corresponding to a capacity of 269 mAh g–1 at 20 mA g–1, and retains a capacity of 191 mAh g–1 at a high rate of 1 A g–1. Further, it exhibits superb cycling stability with a capacity of 225 mAh g–1 at 200 mA g–1 for 400 cycles, and a Coulombic efficiency of 99.93%. We attribute the enhanced performance to the cubic rock-salt framework, which promotes low-energy migration paths. Our work suggests that inducing crystallization of amorphous nanomaterials through electrochemical cycling is a promising avenue for creating unconventional high-performance metal oxide electrode materials.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357; AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1901706
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1970230
Journal Information:
Nature Materials, Journal Name: Nature Materials Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 21; ISSN 1476-1122
Publisher:
Springer NatureCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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