skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Structural design strategies for superionic sodium halide solid electrolytes

Journal Article · · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ta05158c· OSTI ID:1901501

We report sodium all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with superionic solid electrolytes (SEs) show substantial potential for large-scale energy-storage applications. Recently, lithium halide SEs have attracted attention owing to their potential compatibility with high-voltage cathode materials and high ionic conductivity. Although sodium halide SEs are believed to exhibit good electrochemical stability, very few compounds have been reported. This study provides design principles for superionic sodium halide SEs through systematic theoretical investigations of Na3MX6 (X = Cl, Br, and I). The Na3MX6 structures depend on the types and sizes of M and X: Na3MCl6 and Na3MBr6 prefer the $$P\bar{3}$$1c, P21/n and $$R\bar{3}$$ phases, whereas Na3MI6 prefers the C2/m phase. The Na3MI6 C2/m phase is found to exhibit reasonably high ionic conductivity (~10-4 S/cm-1) and anion mixing with Br further improve Na-ion migration, leading to an even higher ionic conductivity (~10-3 S/cm-1) for Na3MBr3I3. The material design principles in this study provide fundamental guidelines for the development of superionic Na halide SEs for high-voltage Na ASSBs

Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Korea Institute of Science and Technology; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1901501
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1897556
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-835816; 1054946
Journal Information:
Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Vol. 10, Issue 45; ISSN 2050-7488
Publisher:
Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (63)

Cardanol-Derived Epoxy Resins as Biobased Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Potassium-Ion Conduction journal April 2022
Solid-State Sodium Batteries journal February 2018
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple journal October 1996
Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries journal February 2010
Projector augmented-wave method journal December 1994
Materials design of sodium chloride solid electrolytes Na3MCl6 for all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries journal January 2021
Crystal Structure of Na3MoCl6 journal July 2011
Na3GdCl6: Einkristalle der Tieftemperaturform bei der metallothermischen Reduktion von GdCl3 mit Na journal October 1984
Progress and perspectives on halide lithium conductors for all-solid-state lithium batteries journal January 2020
Sodium Plating from Na‐β″‐Alumina Ceramics at Room Temperature, Paving the Way for Fast‐Charging All‐Solid‐State Batteries journal December 2019
High areal capacity, long cycle life 4 V ceramic all-solid-state Li-ion batteries enabled by chloride solid electrolytes journal January 2022
Influence of Lattice Dynamics on Na + Transport in the Solid Electrolyte Na 3 PS 4– x Se x journal October 2017
A wide-ranging review on Nasicon type materials journal February 2011
Alloying effects on superionic conductivity in lithium indium halides for all-solid-state batteries journal April 2018
From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method journal January 1999
A sodium-ion sulfide solid electrolyte with unprecedented conductivity at room temperature journal November 2019
First-principles study of Na insertion at TiO2 anatase surfaces: new hints for Na-ion battery design journal January 2020
Phase-structure-dependent Na ion transport in yttrium-iodide sodium superionic conductor Na 3 YI 6 journal January 2021
Air-stable Li 3 InCl 6 electrolyte with high voltage compatibility for all-solid-state batteries journal January 2019
Material Design Strategy for Halide Solid Electrolytes Li 3 MX 6 (X = Cl, Br, and I) for All-Solid-State High-Voltage Li-Ion Batteries journal May 2021
Formulation of Li-metal-halide (LMX) solid state electrolytes through extensive first principles modelling journal January 2021
Na 3 SbS 4 : A Solution Processable Sodium Superionic Conductor for All-Solid-State Sodium-Ion Batteries journal July 2016
Tern�re Halogenide vom Typ A3MX6. V. Synthese, Kristallstrukturen und Natrium-Ionenleitf�higkeit der tern�ren Iodide Na3MI6 (M = Sm, Gd-Dy) sowie der Mischkristalle Na3GdBr6-xIx journal January 1997
Lignin as Polymer Electrolyte Precursor for Stable and Sustainable Potassium Batteries journal May 2022
SoftBV – a software tool for screening the materials genome of inorganic fast ion conductors journal January 2019
High-throughput design and optimization of fast lithium ion conductors by the combination of bond-valence method and density functional theory journal September 2015
�ber Alkali-hexachlorochromate(III): Na3CrCl6 journal May 1987
Lithium Argyrodite Sulfide Electrolytes with High Ionic Conductivity and Air Stability for All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries journal December 2021
Emerging Halide Superionic Conductors for All-Solid-State Batteries: Design, Synthesis, and Practical Applications journal April 2022
A high-performance room-temperature magnesium ion battery with self-healing liquid alloy anode mediated with a bifunctional intermetallic compound journal December 2022
Electrolyte and Interface Engineering for Solid-State Sodium Batteries journal September 2018
Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von IMalnBr4 und NaInI4 journal July 1989
Machine Learning-Assisted Discovery of Solid Li-Ion Conducting Materials journal November 2018
Yttrium–Sodium Halides as Promising Solid-State Electrolytes with High Ionic Conductivity and Stability for Na-Ion Batteries journal April 2020
An Overview on Anodes for Magnesium Batteries: Challenges towards a Promising Storage Solution for Renewables journal March 2021
Theoretical Design of Lithium Chloride Superionic Conductors for All-Solid-State High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries journal July 2020
Benchmarking the performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries journal March 2020
An efficient Hauser-base electrolyte for rechargeable magnesium batteries journal January 2023
Thermodynamic Assessment of Coating Materials for Solid-State Li, Na, and K Batteries journal September 2019
Comparison of the crystal structures of alkaline (M = Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs) and pseudo-alkaline (M = NO,NH4) tetrachloroaluminates, MAlCl4 journal July 1979
Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set journal October 1996
Solid Halide Electrolytes with High Lithium-Ion Conductivity for Application in 4 V Class Bulk-Type All-Solid-State Batteries journal September 2018
Tailoring the Cation Lattice for Chloride Lithium‐Ion Conductors journal September 2020
Commentary: The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation journal July 2013
Development of solid-state electrolytes for sodium-ion battery–A short review journal June 2019
Solid electrolytes and interfaces in all-solid-state sodium batteries: Progress and perspective journal October 2018
Statistical variances of diffusional properties from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations journal April 2018
A stable cathode-solid electrolyte composite for high-voltage, long-cycle-life solid-state sodium-ion batteries journal February 2021
Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage journal November 2014
Metal Halide Superionic Conductors for All-Solid-State Batteries journal January 2021
Site-Occupation-Tuned Superionic Li x ScCl 3+ x Halide Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Batteries journal March 2020
Na 11 Sn 2 PS 12 : a new solid state sodium superionic conductor journal January 2018
Lithium Chlorides and Bromides as Promising Solid‐State Chemistries for Fast Ion Conductors with Good Electrochemical Stability journal June 2019
High Ionic Conductivity Achieved in Li 3 Y(Br 3 Cl 3 ) Mixed Halide Solid Electrolyte via Promoted Diffusion Pathways and Enhanced Grain Boundary journal December 2020
Lithium‐Metal Anode Instability of the Superionic Halide Solid Electrolytes and the Implications for Solid‐State Batteries journal February 2021
Na 3– x Er 1– x Zr x Cl 6 —A Halide-Based Fast Sodium-Ion Conductor with Vacancy-Driven Ionic Transport journal September 2020
Status and challenges in enabling the lithium metal electrode for high-energy and low-cost rechargeable batteries journal December 2017
Lithium battery chemistries enabled by solid-state electrolytes journal February 2017
Defect-Mediated Conductivity Enhancements in Na 3– x Pn 1– x W x S 4 (Pn = P, Sb) Using Aliovalent Substitutions journal November 2019
Understanding interface stability in solid-state batteries journal December 2019
Python Materials Genomics (pymatgen): A robust, open-source python library for materials analysis journal February 2013
Na2ZrCl6 enabling highly stable 3 V all-solid-state Na-ion batteries journal May 2021
Probing Solid–Solid Interfacial Reactions in All-Solid-State Sodium-Ion Batteries with First-Principles Calculations journal December 2017