Atmospheric particle abundance and sea salt aerosol observations in the springtime Arctic: a focus on blowing snow and leads

Chen, Qianjie; Mirrielees, Jessica A.; Thanekar, Sham; Loeb, Nicole A.; Kirpes, Rachel M.; Upchurch, Lucia M.; Barget, Anna J.; Lata, Nurun Nahar; Raso, Angela R. W.; McNamara, Stephen M.; China, Swarup; Quinn, Patricia K.; Ault, Andrew P.; Kennedy, Aaron; Shepson, Paul B.; Fuentes, Jose D.; Pratt, Kerri A.

doi:10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022

Title: Atmospheric particle abundance and sea salt aerosol observations in the springtime Arctic: a focus on blowing snow and leads

Journal Article · Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022· OSTI ID:1901443

; Mirrielees, Jessica A.; Thanekar, Sham;

;

; Upchurch, Lucia M.; Barget, Anna J.; Lata, Nurun Nahar; Raso, Angela R. W.; McNamara, Stephen M.;

; Quinn, Patricia K.;

; Kennedy, Aaron; Shepson, Paul B.; Fuentes, Jose D.;

Sea salt aerosols play an important role in the radiation budget and atmospheric composition over the Arctic, where the climate is rapidly changing. Previous observational studies have shown that Arctic sea ice leads are an important source of sea salt aerosols, and modeling efforts have also proposed blowing snow sublimation as a source. In this study, size-resolved atmospheric particle number concentrations and chemical composition were measured at the Arctic coastal tundra site of Utqiagvik, Alaska, during spring (3 April–7 May 2016). Blowing snow conditions were observed during 25 % of the 5-week study period and were overpredicted by a commonly used blowing snow parameterization based solely on wind speed and temperature. Throughout the study, open leads were present locally. During periods when blowing snow was observed, significant increases in the number concentrations of 0.01–0.06 µm particles (factor of 6, on average) and 0.06–0.3 µm particles (67 %, on average) and a significant decrease (82 %, on average) in 1–4 µm particles were observed compared to low wind speed periods. These size distribution changes were likely caused by the generation of ultrafine particles from leads and/or blowing snow, with scavenging of supermicron particles by blowing snow. At elevated wind speeds, both submicron and supermicron sodium and chloride mass concentrations were enhanced, consistent with wind-dependent local sea salt aerosol production. At moderate wind speeds below the threshold for blowing snow as well as during observed blowing snow, individual sea spray aerosol particles were measured. These individual salt particles were enriched in calcium relative to sodium in seawater due to the binding of this divalent cation with organic matter in the sea surface microlayer and subsequent enrichment during seawater bubble bursting. The chemical composition of the surface snowpack also showed contributions from sea spray aerosol deposition. Overall, these results show the contribution of sea spray aerosol production from leads on both aerosols and the surface snowpack. Therefore, if blowing snow sublimation contributed to the observed sea salt aerosol, the snow being sublimated would have been impacted by sea spray aerosol deposition rather than upward brine migration through the snowpack. Sea spray aerosol production from leads is expected to increase, with thinning and fracturing of sea ice in the rapidly warming Arctic.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Hong Kong General Research Fund; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Contributing Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019392; AC05-76RL01830; 1417668; 1417906; 1417914; 2000493; 2000428; 2000403; NNX14AP44G; 15223221; AC06-76RL01830; NA20OAR432027115223221

OSTI ID:: 1901443

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1907847; OSTI ID: 1908154

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-174564

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online), Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Vol. 22 Journal Issue: 23; ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:: Copernicus GmbHCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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