X-Ray Characterization of Real Fuel Sprays for Gasoline Direct Injection

Sforzo, Brandon A.; Tekawade, Aniket; Kastengren, Alan L.; Fezzaa, Kamel; Ilavsky, Jan; Powell, Christopher F.; Pei, Yuanjiang; Zhang, Anqi; Levy, Robert

doi:10.1115/1.4050979

X-Ray Characterization of Real Fuel Sprays for Gasoline Direct Injection

Journal Article · Wed May 19 04:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Energy Resources Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050979· OSTI ID:1900590

Sforzo, Brandon A. ^[1]; Tekawade, Aniket ^[1]; Kastengren, Alan L. ^[1]; Fezzaa, Kamel ^[1]; Ilavsky, Jan ^[1]; Powell, Christopher F. ^[1]; Pei, Yuanjiang ^[2]; Zhang, Anqi ^[2]; Levy, Robert ^[2]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Aramco Services Co., Novi, MI (United States)

Here, the effects of fuel blend properties on spray and injector performance has been investigated in a side-mount injector for gasoline direct injection (GDI) using two certification fuel blends: Euro 5 and Euro 6. Several X-ray diagnostic techniques were conducted to characterize the injector and spray morphology. Detailed internal geometry of the GDI injector was resolved to 1.8 μm, through the use of hard X-ray tomography. The geometry characterization of this six-hole GDI, side mount injector, quantifies relevant hole and counterbore dimensions and reveals the intricate details within the flow passages, including surface roughness and micron-sized features. Internal valve motion was measured with a temporal resolution of 20 μs and a spatial resolution of 2.0 μs, for three injection pressures and several injector energizing strategies. The needle motion for both fuels exhibits similar lift profiles for common energizing commands. A combination of X-ray radiography and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) was used to characterize the fuel mass distribution and the droplet sizing, respectively. Tomographic spray radiography revealed the near-nozzle distribution of fuel mass for each of the fuels and the asymmetry produced by the angled nozzles. Under evaporative conditions, the two fuels show minor differences in peak fuel mass distribution during steady injection, though both exhibit fluctuations in injection during the early, transient phase. USAXS measurements of the path-specific surface area of the spray indicated lower peak values for the more evaporative conditions in the near nozzle region.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1900590

Journal Information:: Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Journal Name: Journal of Energy Resources Technology Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 144; ISSN 0195-0738

Publisher:: ASMECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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