Grafted polythiophene pendent polymer brushes and their electronanopatterning

Foster, Edward L.; de Leon, Al Christopher C.; Cao, Peng-Fei; Caldona, Eugene B.; Advincula, Rigoberto C.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2022.139453

Grafted polythiophene pendent polymer brushes and their electronanopatterning

Journal Article · Sat Aug 20 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Thin Solid Films

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2022.139453· OSTI ID:1898992

Foster, Edward L. ^[1]; de Leon, Al Christopher C. ^[1]; Cao, Peng-Fei ^[2]; Caldona, Eugene B. ^[3]; Advincula, Rigoberto C. ^[4]

Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States)
Beijing University of Chemical Technology (China)
North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND (United States)
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Here electrochemical nanolithography using grafted polymer brushes with terthiophene (3T) pendent was investigated. The film was fabricated by surface electropolymerization of a reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer agent macroinitiator containing a 3T pendant molecule and the subsequent polymer brush growth from a 3T functionalized methacrylate monomer (3T-Methacrylate). Electrochemical nanolithography and patterning were done using conducting atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) enabling precise nanopattern fabrication. In contrast to direct nanowriting, dip pen nanolithography, and nanolithographic additive manufacturing, the electrochemical nanolithography can be readily facilitated by applying a bias voltage between a conductive AFM tip and the grafted polymer brush film at ambient conditions and without ink transfer. The height and electrical resistance of the nanopatterns were dependent on the writing parameters (i.e. applied bias voltage and scan rate).

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1898992

Journal Information:: Thin Solid Films, Journal Name: Thin Solid Films Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 758; ISSN 0040-6090

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (42)

High-Conductivity Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrene sulfonate) Film and Its Application in Polymer Optoelectronic Devices Ouyang, J.; Chu, C. -W.; Chen, F. -C. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200400016	journal	February 2005
Nanolithographic Electropolymerization of a Precursor Polymer Film to Form Conducting Nanopatterns Jegadesan, S.; Advincula, R. C.; Valiyaveettil, S. Advanced Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200401388	journal	May 2005
Patterned Surfaces Combining Polymer Brushes and Conducting Polymer via Colloidal Template Electropolymerization Pernites, Roderick B.; Foster, Edward L.; Felipe, Mary Jane L. Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201004003	journal	January 2011
Surface-tethered conjugated polymers created via the grafting-from approach Saha, Sampa; Baker, Gregory L. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 132, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.41363	journal	August 2014
Surface electroanalytical approaches to organic polymeric coatings Caldona, Eugene B.; Smith, Dennis W.; Wipf, David O. Polymer International https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.6126	journal	October 2020
Temperature-responsive and multi-responsive grafted polymer brushes with transitions based on critical solution temperature: synthesis, properties, and applications Stetsyshyn, Yurij; Raczkowska, Joanna; Harhay, Khrystyna Colloid and Polymer Science, Vol. 299, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-020-04750-0	journal	September 2020
Electrical and optical properties of polythiophene prepared by electrochemical polymerization Kaneto, K.; Yoshino, K.; Inuishi, Y. Solid State Communications, Vol. 46, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(83)90454-4	journal	May 1983
Nucleation and growth mechanisms of poly(thiophene) Part 1. Effect of electrolyte and monomer concentration in dichloromethane Schrebler, R.; Grez, P.; Cury, P. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 430, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(97)00109-5	journal	June 1997
Electrically conductive copolymers based on 1-methylpyrrole Geissler, U.; Hallensleben, M. L.; Rohde, N. Synthetic Metals, Vol. 84, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(97)80699-6	journal	January 1997
Novel anti-corrosion coatings from rubber-modified polybenzoxazine-based polyaniline composites Caldona, Eugene B.; de Leon, Al Christopher C.; Pajarito, Bryan B. Applied Surface Science, Vol. 422 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.083	journal	November 2017
Cyclic poly(vinylcarbazole) via ring-expansion polymerization-RAFT (REP-RAFT) Bunha, Ajaykumar; Cao, Peng-Fei; Mangadlao, Joey Dacula Reactive and Functional Polymers, Vol. 80 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.03.001	journal	July 2014
High performance polymers for oil and gas applications de Leon, Al Christopher C.; da Silva, Ítalo G. M.; Pangilinan, Katrina D. Reactive and Functional Polymers, Vol. 162 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104878	journal	May 2021
Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes Zoppe, Justin O.; Ataman, Nariye Cavusoglu; Mocny, Piotr Chemical Reviews, Vol. 117, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314	journal	January 2017
Evolution of Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN): From Molecular Patterning to Materials Discovery Liu, Guoqiang; Petrosko, Sarah Hurst; Zheng, Zijian Chemical Reviews, Vol. 120, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00725	journal	April 2020
Grafted Carbazole-Assisted Electrodeposition of Graphene Oxide Mangadlao, Joey Dacula; De Leon, Al Christopher C.; Felipe, Mary Jane L. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b00857	journal	May 2015
Superhydrophobic Colloidally Textured Polythiophene Film as Superior Anticorrosion Coating de Leon, Al Christopher C.; Pernites, Roderick B.; Advincula, Rigoberto C. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/am300513e	journal	June 2012
Electrochromic Conducting Polymers via Electrochemical Polymerization of Bis(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl) Monomers Sotzing, Gregory A.; Reynolds, John R.; Steel, Peter J. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm9504798	journal	January 1996
Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications Barbey, Raphael; Lavanant, Laurent; Paripovic, Dusko Chemical Reviews, Vol. 109, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900045a	journal	November 2009
Electrochemical AFM “Dip-Pen” Nanolithography Li, Yan; Maynor, Benjamin W.; Liu, Jie Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 123, Issue 9, p. 2105-2106 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja005654m	journal	March 2001
Electrochemistry of Conductive Polymers. 30. Nanoscale Measurements of Doping Distributions and Current−Voltage Characteristics of Electrochemically Deposited Polypyrrole Films Lee, Hyo Joong; Park, Su-Moon The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp035766a	journal	January 2004
Nanoscale Measurements of Conducting Domains and Current−Voltage Characteristics of Chemically Deposited Polyaniline Films Wu, Chun-Guey; Chang, Su-San The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 109, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp046259b	journal	December 2004
Direct Electrochemical Nanopatterning of Polycarbazole Monomer and Precursor Polymer Films: Ambient Formation of Thermally Stable Conducting Nanopatterns Jegadesan, Subbiah; Sindhu, Swaminathan; Advincula, Rigoberto C. Langmuir, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/la0517686	journal	December 2005
Quantitative Electrochemical and Electrochromic Behavior of Terthiophene and Carbazole Containing Conjugated Polymer Network Film Precursors: EC-QCM and EC-SPR Taranekar, Prasad; Fulghum, Timothy; Baba, Akira Langmuir, Vol. 23, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/la061820d	journal	December 2006
Carbazole Peripheral Poly(benzyl ether) Dendrimers at the Air−Water Interface: Electrochemical Cross-Linking and Electronanopatterning Park, Jin Young; Ponnapati, Ramakrishna; Taranekar, Prasad Langmuir, Vol. 26, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/la902404b	journal	October 2009
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(thiophenes) Functionalized by Photochromic Spironaphthoxazine Groups Yassar, A.; Moustrou, C.; Youssoufi, H. Korri Macromolecules, Vol. 28, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00117a025	journal	June 1995
Multichromic Copolymers Based on 3,6-Bis(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene))-N-alkylcarbazole Derivatives Gaupp, Carleton L.; Reynolds, John R. Macromolecules, Vol. 36, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma034493e	journal	July 2003
Spectroelectrochemical Study of 2,2‘:5‘,2‘ ‘-Terthiophene Polymerization at a Liquid/Liquid Interface Controlled by Potential-Determining Ions Evans-Kennedy, Una; Clohessy, Jason; Cunnane, Vincent J. Macromolecules, Vol. 37, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0348223	journal	April 2004
Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization: End Group Modification for Functionalized Polymers and Chain Transfer Agent Recovery Perrier, Sébastien; Takolpuckdee, Pittaya; Mars, Craig A. Macromolecules, Vol. 38, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma047611m	journal	March 2005
Surface-Grafted Polymers from Electropolymerized Polythiophene RAFT Agent Grande, Carlos D.; Tria, Maria Celeste; Jiang, Guoqian Macromolecules, Vol. 44, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma102065u	journal	January 2011
Electrochemical Cross-Linking and Patterning of Nanostructured Polyelectrolyte−Carbazole Precursor Ultrathin Films Huang, Chengyu; Jiang, Guoqian; Advincula, Rigoberto Macromolecules, Vol. 41, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma800268n	journal	June 2008
Polyaniline Nanofiber/Gold Nanoparticle Nonvolatile Memory Tseng, Ricky J.; Huang, Jiaxing; Ouyang, Jianyong Nano Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl050587l	journal	June 2005
Hard-tip, soft-spring lithography Shim, Wooyoung; Braunschweig, Adam B.; Liao, Xing Nature, Vol. 469, Issue 7331 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09697	journal	January 2011
Polythiophene precursor electrochemical nanolithography: highly local thermal and morphological characterization Park, Jin Young; Taranekar, Prasad; Advincula, Rigoberto Soft Matter, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/C0SM00993H	journal	January 2011
Writing nanopatterns with electrochemical oxidation on redox responsive organometallic multilayers by AFM Song, Jing; Hempenius, Mark A.; Jing Chung, Hong Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR01206F	journal	January 2015
The grafting density and thickness of polythiophene-based brushes determine the orientation, conjugation length and stability of the grafted chains Wolski, K.; Gruszkiewicz, A.; Wytrwal-Sarna, M. Polym. Chem., Vol. 8, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7PY01418J	journal	January 2017
Highly parallel data storage system based on scanning probe arrays Lutwyche, M. I.; Despont, M.; Drechsler, U. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1326486	journal	November 2000
Optical properties of a light-emitting polymer directly patterned by soft lithography Lawrence, J. R.; Andrew, P.; Barnes, W. L. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1502187	journal	September 2002
Atomic force microscope nanolithography: dip-pen, nanoshaving, nanografting, tapping mode, electrochemical and thermal nanolithography Rosa, Luis G.; Liang, Jian Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 21, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/48/483001	journal	November 2009
Lithography and Other Patterning Techniques for Future Electronics Pease, R. F.; Chou, S. Y. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 96, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2007.911853	journal	February 2008
Directed Assembly of One-Dimensional Nanostructures into Functional Networks Huang, Yu; Duan, Xiangfeng; Wei, Qingqiao Science, Vol. 291, Issue 5504, p. 630-633 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5504.630	journal	January 2001
Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Electrochemically Mediated ATRP: Role of a Sacrificial Initiator in Polymerization of Acrylates on Silicon Substrates Flejszar, Monika; Chmielarz, Paweł; Wolski, Karol Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163559	journal	August 2020
Review on Micro- and Nanolithography Techniques and their Applications Pimpin, Alongkorn; Srituravanich, Werayut Engineering Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2012.16.1.37	journal	January 2012

Similar Records

Degradable cellulose‐based polymer brushes with controlled grafting densities

Journal Article · Thu Aug 29 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Journal of Polymer Science. Part A, Polymer Chemistry · OSTI ID:1559346

Grafting density effects, optoelectrical properties and nano-patterning of poly(para-phenylene) brushes

Journal Article · Tue Sep 24 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A · OSTI ID:1098198

Controlled synthesis of photochromic polymer brushes by atom transfer radical polymerization.

Journal Article · Wed Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2005 · Proposed for publication in Macromolecules. · OSTI ID:972149

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
atomic force microscopy
conducting polymer
electropolymerization
nanolithography
polythiophene

Grafted polythiophene pendent polymer brushes and their electronanopatterning

Citation Formats

References (42)

Similar Records

Related Subjects