Heating and current drive actuators study for FNSF in the ion cyclotron and lower hybrid range of frequency

Wallace, Gregory M.; Bonoli, Paul T.; Wukitch, Stephen J.; Wright, John C.; Kessel, Charles E.; Davis, Andrew O.; Rognlien, T. D.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.06.025

Heating and current drive actuators study for FNSF in the ion cyclotron and lower hybrid range of frequency

Journal Article · Fri Jul 21 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Fusion Engineering and Design

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.06.025· OSTI ID:1895349

Wallace, Gregory M. ^[1]; Bonoli, Paul T. ^[2]; Wukitch, Stephen J. ^[2]; Wright, John C. ^[2]; Kessel, Charles E. ^[3]; Davis, Andrew O. ^[4]; Rognlien, T. D. ^[5]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); OSTI
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

This paper addresses considerations for the radio frequency (RF) heating and current drive actuators on the Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF), focusing on the Lower Hybrid Range of Frequency (LHRF) and Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency (ICRF). FNSF will require long (~months), steady-state pulses to fulfill its mission of high neutron fluence operation for the qualification of fusion nuclear technologies prototypical for a power plant. RF actuators are uniquely capable of sustaining the plasma without requiring large line-of-sight penetrations through the breeding blanket, which mitigates the impact on tritium breeding and neutron shielding. The technology for generation and transmission of RF waves in the LHRF and ICRF are fully mature, however the lifetime of plasma-facing antenna components in the reactor environment remains a significant technology gap. Moving the location of RF actuators from the low field side (LFS) to the high field side (HFS) of the tokamak reduces fluxes of turbulent plasma and energetic particles to the antenna. Compact HFS antenna designs are able to fit within the blanket sectors with minimal impact on overall dimensions. However, material choices for antenna structures represent a significant challenge. Existing materials are unable to simultaneously meet the requirements for high conductivity, high strength, high temperature, and low activation. Pathways forward with respect to materials development are identified.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466; FC02-99ER54512

OSTI ID:: 1895349

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 22850339

Report Number(s):: PSFC/JA-17-24

Journal Information:: Fusion Engineering and Design, Journal Name: Fusion Engineering and Design Vol. 135; ISSN 0920-3796

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (53)

Dynamic modeling of transport and positional control of tokamaks Jardin, S. C.; Pomphrey, N.; Delucia, J. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 66, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(86)90077-X	journal	October 1986
A fully implicit, time dependent 2-D fluid code for modeling tokamak edge plasmas Rognlien, T. D.; Milovich, J. L.; Rensink, M. E. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 196-198 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(06)80058-9	journal	December 1992
Screening of recycling and non-recycling impurities in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak McCracken, G. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 241-243, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(96)00605-8	journal	February 1997
Real-time impedance matching system using liquid stub tuners in ICRF heating Saito, K.; Kumazawa, R.; Takahashi, C. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 81, Issue 23-24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2006.07.032	journal	November 2006
Status of IFMIF Design and R&D Garin, Pascal; Sugimoto, Masayoshi Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 83, Issue 7-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.05.028	journal	December 2008
Real-time fast ferrite ICRF tuning system on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak Lin, Y.; Binus, A.; Wukitch, S. J. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 84, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.08.044	journal	January 2009
Steady state long pulse tokamak operation using Lower Hybrid Current Drive Bécoulet, A.; Hoang, G. T.; Artaud, J. F. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 86, Issue 6-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.01.098	journal	October 2011
The WEST programme: Minimizing technology and operational risks of a full actively cooled tungsten divertor on ITER Grosman, André; Bucalossi, Jérôme; Doceul, Louis Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 88, Issue 6-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.039	journal	October 2013
Technological and physics assessments on heating and current drive systems for DEMO Franke, Thomas; Barbato, E.; Bosia, G. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 96-97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.12.036	journal	October 2015
Design and tests of 500 kW RF windows for the ITER LHCD system Hillairet, J.; Kim, J.; Faure, N. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 94 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.02.065	journal	May 2015
Radio-Frequency design of a Lower Hybrid Slotted Waveguide Antenna Helou, Walid; Goniche, Marc; Hillairet, Julien Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 123 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.04.011	journal	November 2017
Overview of the fusion nuclear science facility, a credible break-in step on the path to fusion energy Kessel, C. E.; Blanchard, J. P.; Davis, A. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.05.081	journal	October 2018
Core plasma physics basis and its impacts on the FNSF Kessel, C. E.; Batchelor, D. B.; Bonoli, P. T. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.06.003	journal	October 2018
Neutronics aspects of the FESS-FNSF Davis, A.; Harb, M.; El-Guebaly, L. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.06.008	journal	October 2018
The examination of the FNSF maintenance approach Waganer, Lester; Kessel, Chuck; Malang, Siegfried Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.07.027	journal	October 2018
RF plasma edge interactions and their impact on ICRF antenna performance in Alcator C-Mod Wukitch, S. J.; Lipschultz, B.; Marmar, E. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 363-365 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.273	journal	June 2007
ICRF specific plasma wall interactions in JET with the ITER-like wall Bobkov, Vl.; Arnoux, G.; Brezinsek, S. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 438 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.044	journal	July 2013
Current drive at plasma densities required for thermonuclear reactors Cesario, R.; Amicucci, L.; Cardinali, A. Nature Communications, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1052	journal	August 2010
Review of high-power microwave source research Gold, Steven H.; Nusinovich, Gregory S. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 68, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1148382	journal	November 1997
Absorption of lower hybrid waves in the scrape off layer of a diverted tokamak Wallace, G. M.; Parker, R. R.; Bonoli, P. T. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3465662	journal	August 2010
Arc detection for the ICRF system on ITER D'Inca, R.; Phillips, Cynthia K.; Wilson, James R. RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS: Proceedings of the 19th Topical Conference, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3664917	conference	January 2011
Arc Detection With GUIDAR: First Experimental Tests On MXP Testbed Salvador, S. M.; Maggiora, R.; D'Inca, R. RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS: Proceedings of the 19th Topical Conference, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3664921	conference	January 2011
Lower hybrid current drive at high density in the multi-pass regime Wallace, G. M.; Faust, I. C.; Meneghini, O. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4729734	journal	June 2012
Characterization and performance of a field aligned ion cyclotron range of frequency antenna in Alcator C-Mod Wukitch, S. J.; Garrett, M. L.; Ochoukov, R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4803882	journal	May 2013
Nonlinear phenomena in RF wave propagation in magnetized plasma: A review Porkolab, Miklos AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4936464	conference	January 2015
High field side launch of RF waves: A new approach to reactor actuators Wallace, G. M.; Baek, S. G.; Bonoli, P. T. RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS: Proceedings of the 21st Topical Conference, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4936482	conference	January 2015
Effects of magnetized alpha particles on lower hybrid heating and current drive in a reactor grade plasma Pavlo, P.; Krlín, L.; Tlučhoř, Z. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 31, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/31/4/008	journal	April 1991
Long distance coupling of lower hybrid waves in JET plasmas with edge and core transport barriers Ekedahl, A.; Granucci, G.; Mailloux, J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 45, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/45/5/005	journal	April 2005
Self-consistent simulations of the interaction between fusion-born alpha particles and lower hybrid waves in ITER Schneider, M.; Eriksson, L. -G.; Imbeaux, F. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/12/125005	journal	October 2009
A lower hybrid current drive system for ITER Hoang, G. T.; Bécoulet, A.; Jacquinot, J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/7/075001	journal	May 2009
Assessment of compatibility of ICRF antenna operation with full W wall in ASDEX Upgrade Bobkov, Vl. V.; Braun, F.; Dux, R. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 50, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/50/3/035004	journal	February 2010
3D electromagnetic optimization of the front face of the ITER ICRF antenna Louche, F.; Dumortier, P.; Messiaen, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/51/10/103002	journal	August 2011
Effects of complex symmetry-breakings on alpha particle power loads on first wall structures and equilibrium in ITER Shinohara, K.; Kurki-Suonio, T.; Spong, D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/51/6/063028	journal	May 2011
Lower hybrid current drive at high density in Alcator C-Mod Wallace, G. M.; Hubbard, A. E.; Bonoli, P. T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/51/8/083032	journal	July 2011
Transport and drift-driven plasma flow components in the Alcator C-Mod boundary plasma Smick, N.; LaBombard, B.; Hutchinson, I. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/2/023001	journal	January 2013
Advances in multi-megawatt lower hybrid technology in support of steady-state tokamak operation Delpech, L.; Achard, J.; Armitano, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/54/10/103004	journal	September 2014
High density LHRF experiments in Alcator C-Mod and implications for reactor scale devices Baek, S. G.; Parker, R. R.; Bonoli, P. T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/4/043009	journal	March 2015
Development of impedance matching technologies for ICRF antenna arrays Pinsker, R. I. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 40, Issue 8A https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/40/8A/015	journal	August 1998
Investigation of performance limiting phenomena in a variable phase ICRF antenna in Alcator C-Mod Wukitch, S. J.; Boivin, R. L.; Bonoli, P. T. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 46, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/46/9/010	journal	July 2004
Making ICRF power compatible with a high-Z wall in ASDEX Upgrade Bobkov, V.; Aguiam, D.; Bilato, R. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/59/1/014022	journal	October 2016
Impurity screening behavior of the high-field side scrape-off layer in near-double-null configurations: prospect for mitigating plasma–material interactions on RF actuators and first-wall components LaBombard, B.; Kuang, A. Q.; Brunner, D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa6dd2	journal	May 2017
Accessibility and Energy Depositon of Lower-Hybrid Waves in a Tokamak with Density Fluctuations Bonoli, Paul T.; Ott, Edward Physical Review Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.424	journal	February 1981
Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency Heating of a Deuterium-Tritium Plasma via the Second-Harmonic Tritium Cyclotron Resonance Wilson, J. R.; Bush, C. E.; Darrow, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 75, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.842	journal	July 1995
D-T Fusion with Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating in the JET Tokamak Start, D. F. H.; Jacquinot, J.; Bergeaud, V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 80, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.4681	journal	May 1998
Theory of current drive in plasmas Fisch, Nathaniel J. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.59.175	journal	January 1987
Development of a 250 kW CW, 4.6 GHz klystron for plasma heating Lenci, Stephan; Eisen, Edward L.; Lind, Kyle 2009 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2009.5193548	conference	April 2009
Status of Heating and Current Drive Systems Planned for ITER Singh, M. J. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 44, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2016.2577709	journal	September 2016
Wave-Particle Studies in the Ion Cyclotron and Lower Hybrid Ranges of Frequencies in Alcator C-Mod Bonoli, P. T.; Parker, R.; Wukitch, S. J. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1430	journal	April 2007
Lower Hybrid Current Drive for DEMO: Physics Assessment and Technology Maturity Ceccuzzi, S.; Barbato, E.; Cardinali, A. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 64, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST13-A24095	journal	November 2013
The ARIES Advanced and Conservative Tokamak Power Plant Study Kessel, C. E.; Tillack, M. S.; Najmabadi, F. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 67, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST14-794	journal	January 2015
ARIES-ACT1 System Configuration, Assembly, and Maintenance Wang, X. R.; Tillack, M. S.; Koehly, C. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 67, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST14-797	journal	January 2015
The Fusion Nuclear Science Facility, the Critical Step in the Pathway to Fusion Energy Kessel, C. E.; Blanchard, J. P.; Davis, A. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 68, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST14-953	journal	September 2015
Challenges to the use of ion irradiation for emulating reactor irradiation Was, Gary S. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 30, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2015.73	journal	April 2015

Cited By (1)

Potential Impacts of Liquid-Metal Plasma-Facing Components on Heating and Current Drive Actuators for a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility Wallace, G. M.; Kessel, C. E.; Hosea, J. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 76, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2019.1629253	journal	July 2019

Similar Records

Potential Impacts of Liquid-Metal Plasma-Facing Components on Heating and Current Drive Actuators for a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility

Journal Article · Tue Jul 23 20:00:00 EDT 2019 · Fusion Science and Technology · OSTI ID:1631088

Potential impacts of liquid metal plasma facing components on heating and current drive actuators for a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility

Dataset · Tue Jun 18 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · OSTI ID:1881486

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
ICRF
LHCD
ion cyclotron range of frequency
lower hybrid current drive

Heating and current drive actuators study for FNSF in the ion cyclotron and lower hybrid range of frequency

Citation Formats

References (53)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects