Hyperstoichiometric Uranium Dioxides: Rapid Synthesis and Irradiation-Induced Structural Changes

Roach, Jordan M.; Manukyan, Khachatur V.; Majumdar, Ashabari; Dede, Stefania; Oliver, Allen G.; Burns, Peter C.; Aprahamian, Ani

doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02736

Hyperstoichiometric Uranium Dioxides: Rapid Synthesis and Irradiation-Induced Structural Changes

Journal Article · Fri Dec 10 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Inorganic Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02736· OSTI ID:1894772

Roach, Jordan M. ^[1]; ^[2]; Majumdar, Ashabari ^[2]; Dede, Stefania ^[3]; Oliver, Allen G. ^[2]; ^[2]; Aprahamian, Ani ^[4]

Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States); University of Notre Dame
Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)
Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States); Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States); A. Alikhanyan National Science Lab. of Armenia, Yerevan (Armenia)

Uranium dioxide (UO₂), the primary fuel for commercial nuclear reactors, incorporates excess oxygen forming a series of hyperstoichiometric oxides. Thin layers of these oxides, such as UO_2.12, form readily on the fuel surface and influence its properties, performance, and potentially geologic disposal. This work reports a rapid and straightforward combustion process in uranyl nitrate–glycine–water solutions to prepare UO_2.12 nanomaterials and thin films. We also report on the investigation of the structural changes induced in the material by irradiation. Despite the simple processing aspects, the combustion synthesis of UO_2.12 has a sophisticated chemical mechanism involving several exothermic steps. Raman spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements reveal the formation of a complex compound containing the uranyl moiety, glycine, H₂O, and NO₃^– groups in reactive solutions and dried combustion precursors. Combustion diagnostic methods, gas-phase mass spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and extracted activation energies from DSC measurements show that the rate-limiting step of the process is the reaction of ammonia with nitrogen oxides formed from the decomposition of glycine and uranyl nitrate, respectively. However, the exothermic decomposition of the complex compound determines the maximum temperature of the process. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging and electron diffraction measurements show that the decomposition of the complex compound directly produces UO₂. The incorporation of oxygen at the cooling stage of the combustion process is responsible for the formation of UO_2.12. Spin coating of the solutions and brief annealing at 670 K allow the deposition of uniform films of UO_2.12 with thicknesses up to 300 nm on an aluminum substrate. Irradiation of films with Ar²⁺ ions (1.7 MeV energy, a fluence of up to 1 × 10¹⁷ ions/cm²) shows unusual defect-simulated grain growth and enhanced chemical mixing of UO_2.12 with the substrate due to the high uranium ion diffusion in films. As a result, the method described in this work allows the preparation of actinide oxide targets for fundamental nuclear science research and studies associated with stockpile stewardship.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: U.S. National Science Foundation; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003888

OSTI ID:: 1894772

Journal Information:: Inorganic Chemistry, Journal Name: Inorganic Chemistry Journal Issue: 24 Vol. 60; ISSN 0020-1669

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (74)

Controlling Oxidation States in Uranium Oxides through Epitaxial Stabilization Burrell, A. K.; McCleskey, T. M.; Shukla, P. Advanced Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200701157	journal	November 2007
Synthesis of Air-Stable, Volatile Uranium(IV) and (VI) Compounds and Their Gas-Phase Conversion To Uranium Oxide Films Appel, Linus; Leduc, Jennifer; Webster, Christopher L. Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 127, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201409606	journal	December 2014
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Phase-Pure Uranium Dioxide Thin Films from Uranium(IV) Amidate Precursors Straub, Mark D.; Leduc, Jennifer; Frank, Michael Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201901924	journal	March 2019
Environmental modeling of uranium interstitial compositions of non-stoichiometric oxides: experimental and theoretical analysis Ivanova, Bojidarka; Spiteller, Michael Environmental Geochemistry and Health, Vol. 38, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9752-6	journal	July 2015
Mesoscale Modeling of High Burn-Up Structure Formation and Evolution in UO2 Abdoelatef, M. Gomaa; Badry, Fergany; Schwen, Daniel JOM, Vol. 71, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03830-z	journal	October 2019
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of ion irradiated uranium oxide Matzke, Hj.; Wang, L. M. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 231, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(96)00369-8	journal	July 1996
A neutron diffraction study of anion clusters in nonstoichiometric uranium dioxide Murray, A. D.; Willis, B. T. M. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 84, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(90)90183-X	journal	January 1990
Polygonization of single crystals of the fluorite-type oxide UO2 due to high dose ion implantation + Matzke, Hj.; Turos, A.; Linker, G. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 91, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(94)96234-0	journal	June 1994
Vibrational spectra and normal coordinate analysis of bis(glycino) complexes with Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) Kincaid, James R.; Nakamoto, Kazuo Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 32, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(76)80078-5	journal	January 1976
Temperature programmed decomposition of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate Dash, S.; Kamruddin, M.; Bera, Santanu Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 264, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00495-4	journal	January 1999
The high burn-up structure in nuclear fuel Rondinella, Vincenzo V.; Wiss, Thierry Materials Today, Vol. 13, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70221-2	journal	December 2010
Structural characterization and optical properties of UO2 thin films by magnetron sputtering Chen, Qiuyun; Lai, Xinchun; Bai, Bin Applied Surface Science, Vol. 256, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.11.071	journal	March 2010
XPS study of the surface chemistry of UO 2 (111) single crystal film Maslakov, Konstantin I.; Teterin, Yury A.; Popel, Aleksej J. Applied Surface Science, Vol. 433 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.019	journal	March 2018
Detection and identification of solids, surfaces, and solutions of uranium using vibrational spectroscopy Lu, Grace; Haes, Amanda J.; Forbes, Tori Z. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Vol. 374 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.010	journal	November 2018
Early stages of UO2+x sintering by in situ high-temperature environmental scanning electron microscopy Trillaud, V.; Podor, R.; Gossé, S. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 40, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.07.031	journal	December 2020
A model for the effect of the progression of irradiation-induced recrystallization from initiation to completion on swelling of UO2 and U–10Mo nuclear fuels Rest, J. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 346, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.06.012	journal	November 2005
Thermal conductivity of UO2+x and U4O9−y White, J. T.; Nelson, A. T. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 443, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.07.063	journal	November 2013
Diffusion of oxygen interstitials in UO2+ using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations: Role of O/M ratio and sensitivity analysis Behera, Rakesh K.; Watanabe, Taku; Andersson, David A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 472 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.02.003	journal	April 2016
The defect chemistry of U O 2 ± x from atomistic simulations Cooper, M. W. D.; Murphy, S. T.; Andersson, D. A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 504 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.02.034	journal	June 2018
Restructuring in high burnup UO2 studied using modern electron microscopy Gerczak, Tyler J.; Parish, Chad M.; Edmondson, Philip D. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 509 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.05.077	journal	October 2018
Fission gas release from UO2 nuclear fuel: A review Rest, J.; Cooper, M. W. D.; Spino, J. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 513 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.08.019	journal	January 2019
Size-tunable germanium particles prepared by self-sustaining reduction of germanium oxide Manukyan, Khachatur V.; Schools, Ryan S.; Mukasyan, Alexander S. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 270 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2018.11.005	journal	February 2019
Bis(glycine) lithium nitrate – A new non-centrosymmetric crystal: X-ray structure, vibrational spectra and DSC investigations Baran, J.; Drozd, M.; Ratajczak, H. Journal of Molecular Structure, Vol. 927, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.11.049	journal	June 2009
SRIM – The stopping and range of ions in matter (2010) Ziegler, James F.; Ziegler, M. D.; Biersack, J. P. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 268, Issue 11-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2010.02.091	journal	June 2010
Structural effects in UO2 thin films irradiated with U ions Popel, A. J.; Adamska, A. M.; Martin, P. G. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 386 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2016.09.019	journal	November 2016
Vibrational spectra of Zn(II) complexes of the amino acids with hydrophobic residues Wagner, Claudia C.; Baran, Enrique J. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 72, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2008.12.017	journal	June 2009
In situ synchrotron investigation of grain growth behavior of nano-grained UO 2 Miao, Yinbin; Yao, Tiankai; Lian, Jie Scripta Materialia, Vol. 131 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.12.025	journal	April 2017
Nano-crystallization induced by high-energy heavy ion irradiation in UO2 Miao, Yinbin; Yao, Tiankai; Lian, Jie Scripta Materialia, Vol. 155 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.04.006	journal	October 2018
Homer Kissinger and the Kissinger equation Blaine, Roger L.; Kissinger, Homer E. Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 540 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2012.04.008	journal	July 2012
Structural and compositional characterization of single crystal uranium dioxide thin films deposited on different substrates Elbakhshwan, Mohamed S.; Heuser, Brent J. Thin Solid Films, Vol. 636 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2017.07.020	journal	August 2017
Reaction Kinetics in Differential Thermal Analysis Kissinger, H. E. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 29, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60131a045	journal	November 1957
Solution Combustion Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials Varma, Arvind; Mukasyan, Alexander S.; Rogachev, Alexander S. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 116, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00279	journal	September 2016
Uranium Redox Transformations after U(VI) Coprecipitation with Magnetite Nanoparticles Pidchenko, Ivan; Kvashnina, Kristina O.; Yokosawa, Tadahiro Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04035	journal	February 2017
Structural Changes in the Local Environment of Uranium Atoms in the Three Phases of U ₄ O ₉ Desgranges, L.; Baldinozzi, G.; Simeone, D. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 55, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00654	journal	July 2016
XPS Study of Ion Irradiated and Unirradiated UO ₂ Thin Films Teterin, Yury A.; Popel, Aleksej J.; Maslakov, Konstantin I. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 55, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01184	journal	July 2016
Characterization of Oxygen Defect Clusters in UO _{2+ x} Using Neutron Scattering and PDF Analysis Ma, Yue; Garcia, Philippe; Lechelle, Jacques Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 57, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00750	journal	June 2018
Clusters of Oxygen Interstitials in UO _{2+ x} and α-U ₄ O ₉ : Structure and Arrangements Soulié, Aurélien; Baldinozzi, Gianguido; Garrido, Frédérico Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 58, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01483	journal	September 2019
Hydrothermal Conversion of Uranium(IV) Oxalate into Oxides: A Comprehensive Study Manaud, Jérémie; Maynadié, Jérôme; Mesbah, Adel Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 59, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03672	journal	February 2020
Irradiation-Driven Restructuring of UO ₂ Thin Films: Amorphization and Crystallization Majumdar, Ashabari; Manukyan, Khachatur V.; Dede, Stefania ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 13, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c08682	journal	July 2021
Chemistry of Actinide Centers in Heterogeneous Catalytic Transformations of Small Molecules Leduc, Jennifer; Frank, Michael; Jürgensen, Lasse ACS Catalysis, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b04924	journal	April 2019
Synergistic Approach to High-Performance Oxide Thin Film Transistors Using a Bilayer Channel Architecture Yu, Xinge; Zhou, Nanjia; Smith, Jeremy ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 5, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/am402065k	journal	August 2013
Synthesis and Low Temperature In Situ Sintering of Uranium Oxide Nanoparticles Nenoff, Tina M.; Jacobs, Benjamin W.; Robinson, David B. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm2020669	journal	December 2011
Density Functional Theory Calculations of UO ₂ Oxidation: Evolution of UO _{2+ x} , U ₄ O _{9– y} , U ₃ O ₇ , and U ₃ O ₈ Andersson, D. A.; Baldinozzi, G.; Desgranges, L. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 52, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic400118p	journal	February 2013
Raman study of glycine complexes of zinc(II), cadmium(II), and beryllium(II) and the formation of mixed complexes in aqueous solution Krishnan, Krishnaswamy; Plane, Robert A. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50047a012	journal	January 1967
Raman spectra of uranyl ion and its hydrolysis products in aqueous nitric acid Toth, L. M.; Begun, G. M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 85, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/j150605a018	journal	March 1981
The Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Nitric Acid Vapor Johnston, Harold S.; Foering, Louise; Tao, Yu-Sheng Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 73, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01149a120	journal	May 1951
Combustion Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline WO ₃ Morales, Walter; Cason, Michael; Aina, Olawunmi Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 130, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja8012402	journal	April 2008
Solution Combustion Synthesis of Nano-Crystalline Metallic Materials: Mechanistic Studies Manukyan, Khachatur V.; Cross, Allison; Roslyakov, Sergey The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp408260m	journal	November 2013
Positions of the Oxygen Atoms in UO2.13 Willis, B. T. M. Nature, Vol. 197, Issue 4869 https://doi.org/10.1038/197755a0	journal	February 1963
Low-temperature fabrication of high-performance metal oxide thin-film electronics via combustion processing Kim, Myung-Gil; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.; Facchetti, Antonio Nature Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 5, p. 382-388 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3011	journal	April 2011
Average structure and local configuration of excess oxygen in UO2+x Wang, Jianwei; Ewing, Rodney C.; Becker, Udo Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04216	journal	March 2014
On the Role of the Electrical Field in Spark Plasma Sintering of UO2+x Tyrpekl, Vaclav; Naji, Mohamed; Holzhäuser, Michael Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46625	journal	April 2017
Noble metal ions in CeO ₂ and TiO ₂ : synthesis, structure and catalytic properties Bera, Parthasarathi; Hegde, M. S. RSC Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 115 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA16474E	journal	January 2015
A detailed Raman and X-ray study of UO _2+x oxides and related structure transitions Elorrieta, J. M.; Bonales, L. J.; Rodríguez-Villagra, N. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP03800J	journal	January 2016
Quantifying small changes in uranium oxidation states using XPS of a shallow core level Ilton, Eugene S.; Du, Yingge; Stubbs, Joanne E. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP05805E	journal	January 2017
Solution combustion synthesis of oxide semiconductors for solar energy conversion and environmental remediation Rajeshwar, Krishnan; de Tacconi, Norma R. Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 38, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/b811238j	journal	January 2009
Raman spectroscopic studies of defect structures and phase transition in hyper-stoichiometric UO2+x He, Heming; Shoesmith, David Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1039/b925495a	journal	January 2010
Ab initio investigation on oxygen defect clusters in UO2+x Geng, Hua Y.; Chen, Ying; Kaneta, Yasunori Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3035846	journal	November 2008
Irradiation-induced reactions at the CeO ₂ /SiO ₂ /Si interface Sapkota, Pitambar; Aprahamian, Ani; Chan, Kwong Yu The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 152, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5142619	journal	March 2020
Uranyl peroxide enhanced nuclear fuel corrosion in seawater Armstrong, C. R.; Nyman, M.; Shvareva, T. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119758109	journal	January 2012
Uranium(IV) adsorption by natural organic matter in anoxic sediments Bone, Sharon E.; Dynes, James J.; Cliff, John Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611918114	journal	January 2017
Nanoscale oxygen defect gradients in UO _{2+ x} surfaces Spurgeon, Steven R.; Sassi, Michel; Ophus, Colin Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905056116	journal	August 2019
Fission Gas Release from Irradiated UO _{2+ x} During Transient Annealing Massih, A. R. Nuclear Technology, Vol. 205, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2019.1568102	journal	March 2019
Stability of oxygen point defects in UO 2 by first-principles DFT + U calculations: Occupation matrix control and Jahn-Teller distortion Dorado, Boris; Jomard, Gérald; Freyss, Michel Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.035114	journal	July 2010
Antiferromagnetism in UO 2 thin epitaxial films Bao, Z.; Springell, R.; Walker, H. C. Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.134426	journal	October 2013
Study of phonons in irradiated epitaxial thin films of UO 2 Rennie, S.; Lawrence Bright, E.; Darnbrough, J. E. Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.224303	journal	June 2018
Lattice constant in nonstoichiometric uranium dioxide from first principles Bruneval, Fabien; Freyss, Michel; Crocombette, Jean-Paul Physical Review Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.023801	journal	February 2018
Oxygen point defect accumulation in single-phase U O 2 + x Palomares, Raul I.; McDonnell, Marshall T.; Yang, Li Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.053611	journal	May 2019
OLEX2 : a complete structure solution, refinement and analysis program Dolomanov, Oleg V.; Bourhis, Luc J.; Gildea, Richard J. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 42, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889808042726	journal	January 2009
Profex : a graphical user interface for the Rietveld refinement program BGMN Doebelin, Nicola; Kleeberg, Reinhard Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 48, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576715014685	journal	August 2015
Grain growth and pore coarsening in dense nano‐crystalline UO _{2+ x} fuel pellets Yao, Tiankai; Mo, Kun; Yun, Di Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 100, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.14780	journal	March 2017
Dense nanocrystalline UO _{2+ x} fuel pellets synthesized by high pressure spark plasma sintering Yao, Tiankai; Scott, Spencer M.; Xin, Guoqing Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 101, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.15289	journal	November 2017
Nuclear Fuel in a Reactor Accident Burns, Peter C.; Ewing, Rodney C.; Navrotsky, Alexandra Science, Vol. 335, Issue 6073 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1211285	journal	March 2012
Determination of Local Corrosion Kinetics on Hyper-Stoichiometric UO[sub 2+x] by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy He, Heming; Zhu, R. K.; Qin, Z. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 156, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3046112	journal	January 2009

Similar Records

Irradiation-Driven Restructuring of UO₂ Thin Films: Amorphization and Crystallization

Journal Article · Thu Jul 15 20:00:00 EDT 2021 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · OSTI ID:1820113

Comparison of processes for conversion of UO/sub 2/(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/ into UO/sub 2/

Conference · Wed Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 1986 · Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc.; (United States) · OSTI ID:6886153

THE REACTION OF URANIUM WITH SOLUTIONS OF ALKYLAMMONIUM NITRATES IN DINITROGEN TETROXIDE SOME PROPERTIES OF ALKYLAMMONIUM URANYL NITRATES

Journal Article · Sat Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 1961 · Journal of the Chemical Society (England) Divided into J. Chem. Soc. A, J. Chem. Soc. B, etc. · OSTI ID:4843067

Related Subjects

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
Diffraction
Grain
Irradiation
Precursors
Redox reactions

Hyperstoichiometric Uranium Dioxides: Rapid Synthesis and Irradiation-Induced Structural Changes

Citation Formats

References (74)

Linked Research (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects