Laser-driven ionization mechanisms of aluminum for single particle aerosol mass spectrometry

Lietz, Amanda M.; Yee, Benjamin T.; Musk II, Jeffrey; Moffat, Harry K.; Wiemann, Dora K.; Settecerri, Taylor; Fergenson, David; Omana, Michael A.; Hopkins, Matthew M.

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2022.106543

Laser-driven ionization mechanisms of aluminum for single particle aerosol mass spectrometry

Journal Article · Fri Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Spectrochimica Acta. Part B, Atomic Spectroscopy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2022.106543· OSTI ID:1894615

Lietz, Amanda M. ^[1]; Yee, Benjamin T. ^[1]; Musk II, Jeffrey ^[1]; Moffat, Harry K. ^[1]; Wiemann, Dora K. ^[1]; Settecerri, Taylor ^[1]; Fergenson, David ^[2]; Omana, Michael A. ^[1]; Hopkins, Matthew M. ^[1]

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Livermore Instruments, Oakland, CA (United States)

Single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS), an analytical technique for measuring the size and composition of individual micron-scale particles, is capable of analyzing atmospheric pollutants and bioaerosols much more efficiently and with more detail than conventional methods which require the collection of particles onto filters for analysis in the laboratory. Despite SPAMS’ demonstrated capabilities, the primary mechanisms of ionization are not fully understood, which creates challenges in optimizing and interpreting SPAMS signals. In this paper, we present a well-stirred reactor model for the reactions involved with the laser-induced vaporization and ionization of an individual particle. The SPAMS conditions modeled in this paper include a 248 nm laser which is pulsed for 8 ns to vaporize and ionize each particle in vacuum. The ionization of 1 μm, spherical Al particles was studied by approximating them with a 0-dimensional plasma chemistry model. The primary mechanism of absorption of the 248 nm photons was pressure-broadened direct photoexcitation to Al(y²D). Atoms in this highly excited state then undergo superelastic collisions with electrons, heating the electrons and populating the lower energy excited states. We found that the primary ionization mechanism is electron impact ionization of various excited state Al atoms, especially Al(y²D). Because the gas expands rapidly into vacuum, its temperature decreases rapidly. The rate of three-body recombination (e^- + e^- + Al⁺ → Al + e^-) increases at low temperature, and most of the electrons and ions produced recombine within several μs of the laser pulse. The importance of the direct photoexcitation indicates that the relative peak heights of different elements in SPAMS mass spectra may be sensitive to the available photoexcitation transitions. We also discuss the effects of laser intensity, particle diameter, and expansion dynamics.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 1894615

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1961674

Report Number(s):: SAND2022-14059J; 710835

Journal Information:: Spectrochimica Acta. Part B, Atomic Spectroscopy, Journal Name: Spectrochimica Acta. Part B, Atomic Spectroscopy Vol. 197; ISSN 0584-8547

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (35)

The design of single particle laser mass spectrometers Murphy, Daniel M. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Vol. 26, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.20113	journal	January 2007
Mass spectrometry of atmospheric aerosols-Recent developments and applications. Part I: Off-line mass spectrometry techniques Pratt, Kerri A.; Prather, Kimberly A. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Vol. 31, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.20322	journal	March 2011
Mass spectrometry of atmospheric aerosols-Recent developments and applications. Part II: On-line mass spectrometry techniques Pratt, Kerri A.; Prather, Kimberly A. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Vol. 31, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.20330	journal	March 2011
A model of laser ablation with temperature-dependent material properties, vaporization, phase explosion and plasma shielding Marla, Deepak; Bhandarkar, Upendra V.; Joshi, Suhas S. Applied Physics A, Vol. 116, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-8118-0	journal	November 2013
Plasma broadening and shifting of non-hydrogenic spectral lines: present status and applications Konjević, N. Physics Reports, Vol. 316, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-1573(98)00132-X	journal	August 1999
Plasma density effects on the three-body recombination rate coefficients Hahn, Yukap Physics Letters A, Vol. 231, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00287-9	journal	June 1997
Modelling of LIBS plasma expansion Colonna, G.; Casavola, A.; Capitelli, M. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 56, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00230-0	journal	June 2001
Fine particulate air pollution and human mortality: 25+ years of cohort studies Pope, C. Arden; Coleman, Nathan; Pond, Zachari A. Environmental Research, Vol. 183 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108924	journal	April 2020
Ion formation mechanism in laser desorption ionization of individual nanoparticles Reinard, Melissa S.; Johnston, Murray V. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 19, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2007.11.017	journal	March 2008
Calculation of rate constants for asymmetric charge transfer, and their effect on relative sensitivity factors in glow discharge mass spectrometry Bogaerts, Annemie; Temelkov, Krassimir A.; Vuchkov, Nikolay K. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 62, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2007.03.010	journal	April 2007
Modeling of thermal and chemical non-equilibrium in a laser-induced aluminum plasma by means of a Collisional-Radiative model Morel, V.; Bultel, A.; Chéron, B. G. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 65, Issue 9-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2010.08.002	journal	September 2010
Dynamics of a femtosecond/picosecond laser-induced aluminum plasma out of thermodynamic equilibrium in a nitrogen background gas Morel, Vincent; Bultel, Arnaud; Annaloro, Julien Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 103-104 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2014.11.014	journal	January 2015
Advanced model for the interaction of a Ti plume produced by a ns-pulsed laser in a nitrogen environment Colonna, Gianpiero; Pascazio, Giuseppe; Bonelli, Francesco Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 179 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2021.106120	journal	May 2021
Single particle mass spectral signatures from vehicle exhaust particles and the source apportionment of on-line PM 2.5 by single particle aerosol mass spectrometry Yang, Jian; Ma, Shexia; Gao, Bo Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 593-594 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.099	journal	September 2017
Development of an analytical methodology for obtaining quantitative mass concentrations from LAAP-ToF-MS measurements Gemayel, Rachel; Temime-Roussel, Brice; Hayeck, Nathalie Talanta, Vol. 174 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.050	journal	November 2017
Single-Particle Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Utilizing a Femtosecond Desorption and Ionization Laser Zawadowicz, Maria A.; Abdelmonem, Ahmed; Mohr, Claudia Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 87, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03158	journal	November 2015
CO₂ Hydrogenation in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Revealed De Bie, Christophe; van Dijk, Jan; Bogaerts, Annemie The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07639	journal	October 2016
Detection of Asian dust in California orographic precipitation Ault, Andrew P.; Williams, Christopher R.; White, Allen B. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, Issue D16 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015351	journal	January 2011
Studies of one and two component aerosols using IR/VUV single particle mass spectrometry: Insights into the vaporization process and quantitative limitations Simpson, Emily A.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Hanna, Sarah J. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp00462f	journal	January 2010
Dielectronic recombination data for dynamic finite-density plasmas: XIII. The magnesium isoelectronic sequence Altun, Z.; Yumak, A.; Yavuz, I. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 474, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20078238	journal	October 2007
Investigations of holes machined by laser beam on Al and Cr thin films Yamada, Koichi; Watanabe, Isao; Kubo, Takahiro Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 53, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.331024	journal	April 1982
Emission features and expansion dynamics of nanosecond laser ablation plumes at different ambient pressures Farid, N.; Harilal, S. S.; Ding, H. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 115, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4862167	journal	January 2014
Electron temperature and density measurements of laser induced germanium plasma Shakeel, Hira; Arshad, Saboohi; Haq, S. U. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4948620	journal	May 2016
Two-Color Laser Induced Evaporation Dynamics of Liquid Aerosols Probed by Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Cabalo, Jerry; Zelenyuk, Alla; Baer, Tomas Aerosol Science and Technology, Vol. 33, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1080/027868200410813	journal	July 2000
Radiative Recombination Data for Modeling Dynamic Finite‐Density Plasmas Badnell, N. R. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 167, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/508465	journal	December 2006
Partial-wave analysis of low-energy electron scattering by aluminium atoms Ryabikh, Yu I.; Fabrikant, I. I. Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3700/14/2/017	journal	January 1981
Test cases for grid-based direct kinetic modeling of plasma flows Hara, Kentaro; Hanquist, Kyle Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 27, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aac6b9	journal	June 2018
Classical Theory of Atomic Collisions. I. Theory of Inelastic Collisions Gryziński, Michal Physical Review, Vol. 138, Issue 2A https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.138.A336	journal	April 1965
Self-consistent model of a direct-current glow discharge: Treatment of fast electrons Surendra, M.; Graves, D. B.; Jellum, G. M. Physical Review A, Vol. 41, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.41.1112	journal	January 1990
Ionization of boron, aluminum, gallium, and indium by electron impact Kim, Yong-Ki; Stone, Philip M. Physical Review A, Vol. 64, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.64.052707	journal	October 2001
Spectroscopic studies of laser induced aluminum plasma using fundamental, second and third harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser Shaikh, N. M.; Hafeez, S.; Rashid, B. The European Physical Journal D, Vol. 44, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2007-00188-3	journal	June 2007
Characteristics of Excimer Laser Induced Plasma from an Aluminum Target by Spectroscopic Study Lu, Yong-Feng; Tao, Zi-Bo; Hong, Min-Hui Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 38, Issue 5R https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.38.2958	journal	May 1999
Micron-sized droplets irradiated with a pulsed CO_2 laser: measurement of explosion and breakdown thresholds Pinnick, Ronald G.; Biswas, Abhijit; Armstrong, Robert L. Applied Optics, Vol. 29, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.29.000918	journal	January 1990
Resonance-enhanced detection of metals in aerosols using single-particle mass spectrometry Passig, Johannes; Schade, Julian; Rosewig, Ellen Iva Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7139-2020	journal	June 2020
Nanosecond laser induced energetic ion formation from a nanoparticle: The origin of ion detection loss in a single particle mass spectrometry Oh, Yongsuk; Zahaf, Riyan; Zachariah, Michael R. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 53, Issue 5S3 https://doi.org/10.7567/JJAP.53.05HA10	journal	April 2014

Similar Records

Laser ablation of ceramic Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} at 193 nm and 248 nm: The importance of single-photon ionization processes

Journal Article · Fri Jun 14 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Journal of Applied Physics · OSTI ID:22163022

RECOMBINATION THROUGH ELECTRON-ELECTRON COLLISIONS

Journal Article · Fri Feb 24 23:00:00 EST 1961 · Nature · OSTI ID:4065065

Purification of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes as a Function of UV Wavelength, Atmosphere, and Temperature

Journal Article · Mon Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 2007 · Journal of Physical Chemistry C · OSTI ID:1022324

Related Subjects

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
aerosol mass spectrometry
laser desorption ionization
laser-produced plasmas
plasma modeling

Laser-driven ionization mechanisms of aluminum for single particle aerosol mass spectrometry

Citation Formats

References (35)

Similar Records

Related Subjects