Silicon Photomultipliers Coupled to Scintillators With the Emission Maximum at 550 nm

Liang, Felix; Brands, Hartmut; Hoy, Les; Smith, Jason; Verity, Jeff; Wilson, Rick; Cherepy, Nerine J.; O'Neal, Sean P.; Payne, Stephen A.; Seeley, Zachary M.; Wineger, Tyler J.

doi:10.1109/tns.2022.3179823

Silicon Photomultipliers Coupled to Scintillators With the Emission Maximum at 550 nm

Journal Article · Tue Jun 07 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/tns.2022.3179823· OSTI ID:1894555

^[1]; Brands, Hartmut ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Verity, Jeff ^[1]; Wilson, Rick ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]; Payne, Stephen A. ^[2]; Seeley, Zachary M. ^[2]; Wineger, Tyler J. ^[2]

Teledyne FLIR LLC, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA (United States)

A majority of the silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are sensitive to blue and near-ultraviolet (NUV) photons that are not optimized for scintillators with the emission maximum at wavelengths longer than 500 nm. The red–green–blue (RGB) SiPM is developed for the maximum photon detection efficiency (PDE) at 550 nm, which is a good match for some high-light-yield scintillators, such as CsI:Tl (CsI) and Gd_1.5Y_1.5Ga₂ Al₃ O₁₂ :Ce (GYGAG). Comparisons are made for the performance of these scintillators coupled to the RGB SiPM and a blue-sensitive SiPM. Because it takes tens of nanoseconds for the microcells to recharge after registering a photon hit, the linearity of these scintillation detectors was studied for high-energy gammas where numerous scintillation photons are generated. In addition, the energy resolution of the 662-keV gamma emitted by ¹³⁷ Cs was measured for temperatures between –20 °C and 50 °C. The nonlinearity was observed above 1 MeV for all measurements, and however, it can be corrected by energy calibration using a third-degree polynomial. For CsI, the energy resolution is better with the blue-sensitive SiPM because of the lower dark count rate (DCR). In contrast, GYGAG coupled to the RGB SiPM has a better energy resolution for temperatures below 30 °C because of the well-matched emission spectrum and PDE distribution. Nevertheless, the advantage disappears for temperatures above 30 °C due to the higher DCR. It would be useful to further develop the RGB SiPM with a lower DCR and higher operating temperatures.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Department of Homeland Security; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1894555

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-836059; 1055045

Journal Information:: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 69; ISSN 0018-9499

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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cesium iodide
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