Intact archeological human bones and age at death studied with transmission x–ray diffraction and small angle x–ray scattering

Park, Jun‐Sung; Laugesen, Malene; Mays, Simon; Birkedal, Henrik; Almer, Jonathan D.; Stock, Stuart R.

doi:10.1002/oa.3053

Intact archeological human bones and age at death studied with transmission x–ray diffraction and small angle x–ray scattering

Journal Article · Thu Oct 07 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3053· OSTI ID:1894238

Park, Jun‐Sung ^[1]; Laugesen, Malene ^[2]; Mays, Simon ^[3]; Birkedal, Henrik ^[2]; Almer, Jonathan D. ^[1]; ^[4]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Aarhus Univ. (Denmark)
Historic England, Portsmouth (United Kingdom); Univ. of Southampton (United Kingdom); Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)

In this work, high-energy, wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS, x-ray diffraction) and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to study intact human second metacarpal bones (mc2) from two UK archeological sites. A novel method correcting for irregular mass distribution was applied in these transmission geometry experiments done at beamline 1-ID of the Advanced Photon Source. The authors asked whether there were age-at-death-related changes in carbonated apatite (cAp) lattice parameters and whether SAXS could detect collagen D-period peaks in the archeological mc2. For each of the two sites, Ancaster and Wharram Percy in England, six female mc2s were studied; for each site, two were from each of three age-at-death cohorts (young, 18-29 years; middle, 30-49 years; old >= 50 years) along with a modern control mc2. The Rietveld method was applied to the WAXS patterns to provide precise lattice parameter values. The cAp lattice parameters did not correlate with age-at-death estimated from dental wear. From WAXS and the 00.2 diffraction peak widths, four archeological mc2s possessed coherently scattering domain lengths (crystallite c-axis sizes) that matched that of the modern mc2; SAXS revealed the same four archeological mc2 had D-period peak intensities equivalent to that of the modern mc2. The other eight archeological mc2s had significantly larger crystallite sizes (than the modern mc2) and weak or absent D-period peaks, differences attributed to diagenetic changes. Based on these data, the authors suggest that WAXS 00.2 peak width and SAXS D-period peak intensity can be used with intact bones to select those likely to retain largely unaltered tissue nanostructure, which might be required for other analyses. Taken as a whole, the results suggest detecting age-related deterioration in nanostructural features may be difficult in bone showing significant bioerosion.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1894238

Journal Information:: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Journal Name: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 32; ISSN 1047-482X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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