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Theoretical Modeling of Electrochemical Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer

Journal Article · · Chemical Reviews
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) plays an essential role in a wide range of electrocatalytic processes. Here, a vast array of theoretical and computational methods have been developed to study electrochemical PCET. These methods can be used to calculate redox potentials and pKa values for molecular electrocatalysts, proton-coupled redox potentials and bond dissociation free energies for PCET at metal and semiconductor interfaces, and reorganization energies associated with electrochemical PCET. Periodic density functional theory can also be used to compute PCET activation energies and perform molecular dynamics simulations of electrochemical interfaces. Various approaches for maintaining a constant electrode potential in electronic structure calculations and modeling complex interactions in the electric double layer (EDL) have been developed. Theoretical formulations for both homogeneous and heterogeneous electrochemical PCET spanning the adiabatic, nonadiabatic, and solvent-controlled regimes have been developed and provide analytical expressions for the rate constants and current densities as functions of applied potential. The quantum mechanical treatment of the proton and inclusion of excited vibronic states have been shown to be critical for describing experimental data, such as Tafel slopes and potential dependent kinetic isotope effects. The calculated rate constants can be used as input to microkinetic models and voltammogram simulations to elucidate complex electrocatalytic processes.
Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1893517
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-170824
Journal Information:
Chemical Reviews, Journal Name: Chemical Reviews Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 122; ISSN 0009-2665
Publisher:
American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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  • Hatcher, Elizabeth; Soudackov, Alexander V.; Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 126, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja039606o
journal May 2004
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  • Skone, Jonathan H.; Soudackov, Alexander V.; Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 128, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0656548
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  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 112, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp802171y
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Electrochemical proton-coupled electron transfer: Beyond the golden rule journal July 2009
Charge constrained density functional molecular dynamics for simulation of condensed phase electron transfer reactions journal January 2009
Unified expression for the rate constant of the bridged electron transfer derived by renormalization journal October 2009
Revised self-consistent continuum solvation in electronic-structure calculations journal February 2012
The stable states picture of chemical reactions. I. Formulation for rate constants and initial condition effects journal September 1980
The stable states picture of chemical reactions. II. Rate constants for condensed and gas phase reaction models journal September 1980
Dynamic solvent effects on outer‐sphere electron transfer journal August 1987
A statistical theory for the effect of nonadiabatic transitions on activated processes journal November 1987
Dielectric friction and the transition from adiabatic to nonadiabatic electron transfer. I. Solvation dynamics in Liouville space journal March 1988
The Fourier grid Hamiltonian method for bound state eigenvalues and eigenfunctions journal September 1989
Molecular dynamics with electronic transitions journal July 1990
Electronic friction and electron transfer rates at metallic electrodes journal November 1993
Proton transfer in hydrogen‐bonded acid–base complexes in polar solvents journal February 1995
Simulations at conducting interfaces: Boundary conditions for electrodes and electrolytes journal April 1996
A theory for adiabatic electron transfer processes across the semiconductor/electrolyte interface journal April 1996
A computationally efficacious free-energy functional for studies of inhomogeneous liquid water journal July 2012
A theory for electron transfer across the electrode/electrolyte interface involving more than one redox ion journal December 1997
Electronic friction in proton tunneling at the electrochemical interface journal July 1998
Free energy from constrained molecular dynamics journal November 1998
Multistate continuum theory for multiple charge transfer reactions in solution journal September 1999
The computer simulation of proton transport in water journal November 1999
Derivation of rate expressions for nonadiabatic proton-coupled electron transfer reactions in solution journal August 2000
Implicit solvation model for density-functional study of nanocrystal surfaces and reaction pathways journal February 2014
Electronic couplings for molecular charge transfer: Benchmarking CDFT, FODFT, and FODFTB against high-level ab initio calculations journal March 2014
A recipe for free-energy functionals of polarizable molecular fluids journal April 2014
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The structure of water at a Pt(111) electrode and the potential of zero charge studied from first principles journal May 2016
Acceleration of saddle-point searches with machine learning journal August 2016
Grand canonical electronic density-functional theory: Algorithms and applications to electrochemistry journal March 2017
The electric double layer at metal-water interfaces revisited based on a charge polarization scheme journal August 2018
Grand-canonical approach to density functional theory of electrocatalytic systems: Thermodynamics of solid-liquid interfaces at constant ion and electrode potentials journal January 2019
Grand canonical simulations of electrochemical interfaces in implicit solvation models journal January 2019
Continuum models of the electrochemical diffuse layer in electronic-structure calculations journal January 2019
Understanding attenuated solvent reorganization energies near electrode interfaces journal March 2020
Modeling voltammetry curves for proton coupled electron transfer: The importance of nuclear quantum effects journal June 2020
Electronic structure behavior of PbO 2 , IrO 2 , and SnO 2 metal oxide surfaces (110) with dissociatively adsorbed water molecules as a function of the chemical potential journal February 2021
Nuclear–electronic orbital methods: Foundations and prospects journal July 2021
Theory of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Electronic Processes in Liquids journal October 1965
Insights into proton-coupled electron transfer mechanisms of electrocatalytic H2 oxidation and production journal April 2012
Ab initio molecular dynamics of solvation effects on reactivity at electrified interfaces journal August 2016
Full atomistic reaction mechanism with kinetics for CO reduction on Cu(100) from ab initio molecular dynamics free-energy calculations at 298 K journal February 2017
Characterization of NiFe oxyhydroxide electrocatalysts by integrated electronic structure calculations and spectroelectrochemistry journal March 2017
Mechanistic insights into electrochemical reduction of CO 2 over Ag using density functional theory and transport models journal October 2017
Escaping free-energy minima journal September 2002
Reorganization free energies and quantum corrections for a model electron self-exchange reaction: comparison of polarizable and non-polarizable solvent models journal June 2008
Chemisorption theory journal June 1976
LI. A contribution to the theory of electrocapillarity journal April 1913
Chemisorption theory in the Hartree-Fock approximation journal August 1974
Ion adsorption at a metallic electrode: an ab initio based simulation study journal September 2009
The electric double layer at a rutile TiO 2 water interface modelled using density functional theory based molecular dynamics simulation journal May 2014
Quantum dynamical simulation of photoinduced electron transfer processes in dye–semiconductor systems: theory and application to coumarin 343 at TiO 2 journal March 2015
The importance of nonlinear fluid response in joint density-functional theory studies of battery systems journal October 2013
Effects of Configuration Interaction on Intensities and Phase Shifts journal December 1961
Direct optimization method to study constrained systems within density-functional theory journal August 2005
Nonradiative multiphonon capture of free carriers by deep-level defects in semiconductors: Adiabatic and nonadiabatic limits journal February 1983
Energy shifts and broadening of atomic levels near metal surfaces journal September 1990
Reconstruction of charged surfaces: General trends and a case study of Pt(110) and Au(110) journal December 2003
First-principles calculations of charged surfaces and interfaces: A plane-wave nonrepeated slab approach journal March 2006
First principles reaction modeling of the electrochemical interface: Consideration and calculation of a tunable surface potential from atomic and electronic structure journal April 2006
Joint density-functional theory for electronic structure of solvated systems journal May 2007
Electronic structure calculations of liquid-solid interfaces: Combination of density functional theory and modified Poisson-Boltzmann theory journal June 2008
Model for the electrocatalysis of hydrogen evolution journal June 2009
Aligning electronic energy levels at the TiO 2 / H 2 O interface journal August 2010
Standard hydrogen electrode and potential of zero charge in density functional calculations journal September 2011
Joint density functional theory of the electrode-electrolyte interface: Application to fixed electrode potentials, interfacial capacitances, and potentials of zero charge journal August 2012
First-Principles Molecular Dynamics at a Constant Electrode Potential journal December 2012
Determining Potentials of Zero Charge of Metal Electrodes versus the Standard Hydrogen Electrode from Density-Functional-Theory-Based Molecular Dynamics journal July 2017
First-Principles Approach to Model Electrochemical Reactions: Understanding the Fundamental Mechanisms behind Mg Corrosion journal June 2018
Quantum-to-Classical Transition of Proton Transfer in Potential-Induced Dioxygen Reduction journal December 2018
Low-Scaling Algorithm for Nudged Elastic Band Calculations Using a Surrogate Machine Learning Model journal April 2019
Steric Effects in Electrolytes: A Modified Poisson-Boltzmann Equation journal July 1997
Validating first-principles molecular dynamics calculations of oxide/water interfaces with x-ray reflectivity data journal November 2020
Molecular origin of negative component of Helmholtz capacitance at electrified Pt(111)/water interface journal October 2020
Extreme electric fields power catalysis in the active site of ketosteroid isomerase journal December 2014
Using nature’s blueprint to expand catalysis with Earth-abundant metals journal August 2020
On the Theory of Electrochemical and Chemical Electron Transfer Processes journal January 1959
Electrode Dynamics from First Principles journal February 2008
Electric Fields and Enzyme Catalysis journal June 2017
Ring-Polymer Molecular Dynamics: Quantum Effects in Chemical Dynamics from Classical Trajectories in an Extended Phase Space journal April 2013
Chemical and Electrochemical Electron-Transfer Theory journal October 1964
Electron Transfer Reactions in Condensed Phases journal October 1984
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer journal October 1998
PROTON-COUPLED ELECTRON TRANSFER: A Reaction Chemist's View journal June 2004
Reduction Mechanisms of Ethylene, Propylene, and Vinylethylene Carbonates journal January 2004
Trends in the Exchange Current for Hydrogen Evolution journal January 2005
Comment on “Trends in the Exchange Current for Hydrogen Evolution” [J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, J23 (2005)] journal January 2006
First-Principles Analysis of the Initial Electroreduction Steps of Oxygen over Pt(111) journal January 2009
Grand Canonical Rate Theory for Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Systems I: General Formulation and Proton-coupled Electron Transfer Reactions journal July 2020
Direct Demonstration of Unified Brønsted−Evans−Polanyi Relationships for Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions on Transition Metal Surfaces journal December 2020
Water Structures at Metal Electrodes Studied by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations journal January 2014
Elementary Mechanisms in Electrocatalysis: Revisiting the ORR Tafel Slope journal January 2012
Mechanism of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Mildly Acidic Environments on Gold journal January 2017
Zur Temperaturabhängigkeit der Geschwindigkeit der Vorgänge vom Standpunkt der Quantenmechanik journal May 1960
Über den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Mechanismus der elektrolytischen Wasserstoffabscheidung und der Adsorptionsenergie des atomaren Wasserstoffs an verschiedenen Metallen journal August 1956
Generalized stern models of the electric double layer considering the spatial variation of permittvity and finite size of ions in saturation regime journal January 2011
Sulfate, Bisulfate, and Hydrogen Co-adsorption on Pt(111) and Au(111) in an Electrochemical Environment journal July 2020
Effects of the Interfacial Structure on the Methanol Oxidation on Platinum Single Crystal Electrodes journal March 2019