Van der Waals heterostructures

Castellanos-Gomez, Andres; Duan, Xiangfeng; Fei, Zhe; Gutierrez, Humberto Rodriguez; Huang, Yuan; Huang, Xinyu; Quereda, Jorge; Qian, Qi; Sutter, Eli; Sutter, Peter

doi:10.1038/s43586-022-00139-1

Title: Van der Waals heterostructures

Journal Article · Thu Jul 28 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Nature Reviews Methods Primers

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-022-00139-1· OSTI ID:1891442

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Inst. de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) (Spain)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States)
Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, FL (United States)
Beijing Inst. of Technology (China)
Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)

The integration of dissimilar materials into heterostructures has become a powerful tool for engineering interfaces and electronic structure. The advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials brought unprecedented opportunities for novel heterostructures in the form of van der Waals stacks, laterally stitched 2D layers, and more complex layered and 3D architectures. This Primer provides an overview of state-of-the-art methodologies for producing such van der Waals heterostructures, focusing on the two fundamentally different strategies, top-down deterministic assembly and bottom-up synthesis. For both approaches, successful techniques, advantages, and limitations are discussed. As important as the fabrication itself is the characterization of the resulting engineered materials, for which a range of analysis techniques covering structure, composition, and emerging functionality are highlighted. Examples of the properties of artificial van der Waals structures include optoelectronics and plasmonics, twistronics, and unique functionality arising from the generalization of van der Waals assembly from 2D- to 3D-crystalline components. Lastly, current issues of reproducibility, limitations, and opportunities for future breakthroughs in terms of enhanced homogeneity, interfacial purity, feature control, and ultimately orders of magnitude increased complexity of van der Waals heterostructures are discussed.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016343; PID2019-106820RB; PID2020-118078RB-I00; 2019YFA0308000; 2018YFA0704201; 62022089; 11874405; N00014-18-1-2707; DMR-1557434; DMR-1945560

OSTI ID:: 1891442

Journal Information:: Nature Reviews Methods Primers, Vol. 2, Issue 1; ISSN 2662-8449

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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