Game-Theoretic Strategies for Cyber-Physical Infrastructures Under Component Disruptions

Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Ma, Chris Y. T.; He, Fei

doi:10.1109/tr.2022.3199095

Game-Theoretic Strategies for Cyber-Physical Infrastructures Under Component Disruptions

Journal Article · Mon Sep 05 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · IEEE Transactions on Reliability

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2022.3199095· OSTI ID:1891423

^[1]; Ma, Chris Y. T. ^[2]; He, Fei ^[3]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)
Texas A & M Univ. at Kingsville, TX (United States)

In this work, networked infrastructures of recursively defined systems composed of discrete cyber and physical components are considered. The components of basic systems at the finest levels can be disrupted by cyber or physical means, and can be reinforced to survive at certain costs. A problem of ensuring the infrastructure performance is formulated as a game between a provider and an attacker, who probabilistically choose components to reinforce and attack, respectively. The disruptions of this infrastructure are characterized using the aggregate failure correlation function that specifies the conditional failure probability of the infrastructure given the failure of an individual system at that level. The survival probabilities of basic systems satisfy simple product-form, first-order differential equations expressed in terms of the multiplier functions. The utility functions of the provider and attacker are composed of the reward and cost terms, both expressed in terms of the component reinforcement and attack probabilities. The Nash equilibrium of this game is characterized, along with the sensitivity functions of the survival probabilities of basic systems that highlight their dependence individually on the cost-benefit terms, the correlation functions, and the multiplier functions. These results are illustrated using simplified models of a distributed cloud servers infrastructure, a 5G data network infrastructure, a high performance computing federation, and a smart energy grid infrastructure.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Research Grants Council (RGC); USDOD; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1891423

Journal Information:: IEEE Transactions on Reliability, Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Reliability Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 72; ISSN 0018-9529

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (63)

Weakest-link attacker-defender games with multiple attack technologies Arce, Daniel G.; Kovenock, Dan; Roberson, Brian Naval Research Logistics (NRL), Vol. 59, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.21500	journal	July 2012
Software Framework for Federated Science Instruments Naughton, Thomas; Hitefield, Seth; Sorrillo, Lawrence Communications in Computer and Information Science https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63393-6_13	book	January 2020
Contest success functions Skaperdas, Stergios Economic Theory, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01213906	journal	June 1996
Generalized contest success functions Rai, Birendra K.; Sarin, Rajiv Economic Theory, Vol. 40, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-007-0328-2	journal	January 2008
Discrete game-theoretic analysis of defense in correlated cyber-physical systems He, Fei; Zhuang, Jun; Rao, Nageswara S. V. Annals of Operations Research, Vol. 294, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03381-1	journal	September 2019
Emergency medical services and beyond: Addressing new challenges through a wide literature review Aringhieri, R.; Bruni, M. E.; Khodaparasti, S. Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 78 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2016.09.016	journal	February 2017
Hybrid defensive resource allocations in the face of partially strategic attackers in a sequential defender–attacker game Shan, Xiaojun; Zhuang, Jun European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 228, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2013.01.029	journal	July 2013
Critical infrastructure protection using secrecy – A discrete simultaneous game Zhang, Chi; Ramirez-Marquez, José Emmanuel; Wang, Jianhui European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 242, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2014.10.001	journal	April 2015
A game theoretic model for resource allocation among countermeasures with multiple attributes Paulson, Elisabeth C.; Linkov, Igor; Keisler, Jeffrey M. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 252, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2016.01.026	journal	July 2016
Defense and attack for interdependent systems Hausken, Kjell European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 256, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2016.06.033	journal	January 2017
A mathematical framework to optimize resilience of interdependent critical infrastructure systems under spatially localized attacks Ouyang, Min European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 262, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.04.022	journal	November 2017
Mobile edge computing, Fog et al.: A survey and analysis of security threats and challenges Roman, Rodrigo; Lopez, Javier; Mambo, Masahiro Future Generation Computer Systems, Vol. 78 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2016.11.009	journal	January 2018
A survey on security control and attack detection for industrial cyber-physical systems Ding, Derui; Han, Qing-Long; Xiang, Yang Neurocomputing, Vol. 275 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.10.009	journal	January 2018
Stackelberg game in critical infrastructures from a network science perspective Li, Yapeng; Qiao, Shun; Deng, Ye Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol. 521 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.01.119	journal	May 2019
Complex networks: Structure and dynamics Boccaletti, S.; Latora, V.; Moreno, Y. Physics Reports, Vol. 424, Issue 4-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2005.10.009	journal	February 2006
Protection-interdiction-restoration: Tri-level optimization for enhancing interdependent network resilience Ghorbani-Renani, Nafiseh; González, Andrés D.; Barker, Kash Reliability Engineering & System Safety, Vol. 199 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2020.106907	journal	July 2020
Towards a systematic computational framework for modeling multi-agent decision-making at micro level for smart vehicles in a smart world Dai, Qi; Xu, Xunnong; Guo, Wen Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Vol. 144 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2021.103859	journal	October 2021
Survey of advances and challenges in intelligent autonomy for distributed cyber‐physical systems McKee, David W.; Clement, Stephen J.; Almutairi, Jaber CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1049/trit.2018.0010	journal	June 2018
Modelling ‘contracts’ between a terrorist group and a government in a sequential game He, F.; Zhuang, J. Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 63, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1057/jors.2011.49	journal	June 2012
Attacker-defender game from a network science perspective Li, Ya-Peng; Tan, Suo-Yi; Deng, Ye Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Vol. 28, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5029343	journal	May 2018
Reliability analysis of interconnection networks using hierarchical composition Blake, J. T.; Trivedi, K. S. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, Vol. 38, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/24.24584	journal	April 1989
Decentralized Game-Theoretic Scheme for D-EVSE Based on Renewable Energy in Smart Cities: A Realistic Scenario Alghamdi, Turki G.; Said, Dhaou; Mouftah, Hussein T. IEEE Access, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2974477	journal	January 2020
A Survey of Advanced Persistent Threats Attack and Defense Mei, Yangyang; Han, Weihong; Li, Shudong 2021 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Data Science in Cyberspace (DSC) https://doi.org/10.1109/DSC53577.2021.00096	conference	October 2021
Secure Control: Towards Survivable Cyber-Physical Systems Cardenas, Alvaro A.; Amin, Saurabh; Sastry, Shankar 2008 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCS Workshops), 2008 The 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCS.Workshops.2008.40	conference	June 2008
Security Threats in 5G Edge Computing Environments Kim, Youngsoo; Park, Jong Geun; Lee, Jong-Hoon 2020 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC) https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTC49870.2020.9289521	conference	October 2020
Cyber-Physical Systems Security—A Survey Humayed, Abdulmalik; Lin, Jingqiang; Li, Fengjun IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2017.2703172	journal	December 2017
Interdependence-Aware Game-Theoretic Framework for Secure Intelligent Transportation Systems Ferdowsi, Aidin; Eldosouky, Abdelrahman; Saad, Walid IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 8, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.3020899	journal	November 2021
Cloud Storage Defense Against Advanced Persistent Threats: A Prospect Theoretic Study Xiao, Liang; Xu, Dongjin; Xie, Caixia IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 35, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2017.2659418	journal	March 2017
Cloud Attack and Risk Assessment Taxonomy Juliadotter, Nina Viktoria; Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond IEEE Cloud Computing, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCC.2015.2	journal	January 2015
Smart attacks in smart grid communication networks Chen, Pin-Yu; Cheng, Shin-Ming; Chen, Kwang-Cheng IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 50, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2012.6257523	journal	August 2012
Defense strategies for asymmetric networked systems under composite utilities Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Ma, Chris Y. T.; Hausken, Kjell 2017 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI) https://doi.org/10.1109/MFI.2017.8170351	conference	November 2017
On defense strategies for system of systems using aggregated correlations Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Imam, Neena; Ma, Chris Y. T. 2017 Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) https://doi.org/10.1109/SYSCON.2017.7934817	conference	April 2017
Attack Detection and Identification in Cyber-Physical Systems Pasqualetti, Fabio; Dorfler, Florian; Bullo, Francesco IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 58, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2013.2266831	journal	November 2013
Secure Estimation and Control for Cyber-Physical Systems Under Adversarial Attacks Fawzi, Hamza; Tabuada, Paulo; Diggavi, Suhas IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 59, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2014.2303233	journal	June 2014
Security Games With Unknown Adversarial Strategies Garnaev, Andrey; Baykal-Gursoy, Melike; Poor, H. Vincent IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, Vol. 46, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2015.2475243	journal	October 2016
Nonzero-Sum Game Reinforcement Learning for Performance Optimization in Large-Scale Industrial Processes Li, Jinna; Ding, Jinliang; Chai, Tianyou IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, Vol. 50, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2019.2950262	journal	September 2020
Cooperative Game Approach to Robust Control Design for Fuzzy Dynamical Systems Yu, Rongrong; Chen, Ye-Hwa; Han, Baokun IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, Vol. 52, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2020.3035414	journal	July 2022
Model-based evaluation: from dependability to security Nicol, D. M.; Sanders, W. H.; Trivedi, K. S. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TDSC.2004.11	journal	January 2004
Attacker-Centric View of a Detection Game against Advanced Persistent Threats Xiao, Liang; Xu, Dongjin; Mandayam, Narayan B. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 17, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2018.2814052	journal	November 2018
Markov Game Analysis for Attack-Defense of Power Networks Under Possible Misinformation Ma, Chris Y. T.; Yau, David K. Y.; Lou, Xin IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 28, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2226480	journal	May 2013
Scalable Solutions of Markov Games for Smart-Grid Infrastructure Protection Ma, Chris Y. T.; Yau, David K. Y.; Rao, Nageswara S. V. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2012.2223243	journal	March 2013
Prospect Theoretic Analysis of Energy Exchange Among Microgrids Xiao, Liang; Mandayam, Narayan B.; Vincent Poor, H. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2014.2352335	journal	January 2015
Noncooperative and Cooperative Optimization of Distributed Energy Generation and Storage in the Demand-Side of the Smart Grid Atzeni, Italo; Ordonez, Luis G.; Scutari, Gesualdo IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 61, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2013.2248002	journal	May 2013
Internet of vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds Gerla, Mario; Lee, Eun-Kyu; Pau, Giovanni 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT.2014.6803166	conference	March 2014
Robust Allocation of a Defensive Budget Considering an Attacker's Private Information: Robust Allocation of a Defensive Budget Nikoofal, Mohammad E.; Zhuang, Jun Risk Analysis, Vol. 32, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01702.x	journal	November 2011
On the Effectiveness of Security Countermeasures for Critical Infrastructures Hausken, Kjell; He, Fei Risk Analysis, Vol. 36, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12318	journal	December 2014
Defense of Cyber Infrastructures Against Cyber-Physical Attacks Using Game-Theoretic Models: Defense of Cyber Infrastructures Against Cyber-Physical Attacks Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Poole, Stephen W.; Ma, Chris Y. T. Risk Analysis, Vol. 36, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12362	journal	February 2015
Game theory for cyber security Shiva, Sajjan; Roy, Sankardas; Dasgupta, Dipankar Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Workshop on Cyber Security and Information Intelligence Research https://doi.org/10.1145/1852666.1852704	conference	April 2010
Game theory meets network security and privacy Manshaei, Mohammad Hossein; Zhu, Quanyan; Alpcan, Tansu ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 45, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1145/2480741.2480742	journal	June 2013
Defense Strategies for Multi-Site Cloud Computing Server Infrastructures Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Ma, Chris Y. T.; He, Fei ICDCN '18: 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking https://doi.org/10.1145/3154273.3154344	conference	January 2018
Defense strategies and expected capacity of high performance computing infrastructures Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Imam, Neena; Ma, Chris Y. T. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking https://doi.org/10.1145/3288599.3288625	conference	January 2019
The Byzantine Generals Problem Lamport, Leslie; Shostak, Robert; Pease, Marshall ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1145/357172.357176	journal	July 1982
Solving Defender-Attacker-Defender Models for Infrastructure Defense Alderson, David L.; Brown, Gerald G.; Carlyle, W. Matthew 12th INFORMS Computing Society Conference https://doi.org/10.1287/ics.2011.0047	conference	April 2011
Defending Critical Infrastructure Brown, Gerald; Carlyle, Matthew; Salmerón, Javier Interfaces, Vol. 36, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.1060.0252	journal	December 2006
Complexity of Computing Optimal Stackelberg Strategies in Security Resource Allocation Games Korzhyk, Dmytro; Conitzer, Vincent; Parr, Ronald Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 24, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7638	journal	July 2010
Secure Cyber-Physical Systems: Current trends, tools and open research problems Chattopadhyay, Anupam; Prakash, Alok; Shafique, Muhammad Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2017 https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE.2017.7927154	conference	March 2017
Effects of Interdependencies on Game-Theoretic Defense of Cyber-Physical Infrastructures He, Fei; Chandrasekar, Santhosh; Rao, Nageswara S. V. 2019 22th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) https://doi.org/10.23919/FUSION43075.2019.9011392	conference	July 2019
A Sequential Game of Defense and Attack on an Interdependent System of Systems He, Fei; Agwuegbo, Chiamaka; Rao, Nageswara S. V. 2018 International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), 2018 21st International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) https://doi.org/10.23919/ICIF.2018.8455314	conference	July 2018
On Defense Strategies for Recursive System of Systems Using Aggregated Correlations Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Ma, Chris Y. T.; He, Fei 2018 21st International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) https://doi.org/10.23919/ICIF.2018.8455421	conference	July 2018
Applying Complex Network Theory to the Vulnerability Assessment of Interdependent Energy Infrastructures Beyza, Jesus; Garcia-Paricio, Eduardo; Yusta, Jose Energies, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030421	journal	January 2019
Cyber–Physical Correlation Effects in Defense Games for Large Discrete Infrastructures Rao, Nageswara; Ma, Chris; He, Fei Games, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/g9030052	journal	July 2018
Defense Strategies for Asymmetric Networked Systems with Discrete Components Rao, Nageswara; Ma, Chris; Hausken, Kjell Sensors, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051421	journal	May 2018
Technology Adoption, Accumulation, and Competition in Multiperiod Attacker-Defender Games Jose, Victor Richmond R.; Zhuang, Jun Military Operations Research, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5711/1082598318233	journal	September 2013

Similar Records

On Defense Strategies for Recursive System of Systems Using Aggregated Correlations

Conference · Sun Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · OSTI ID:1468113

Cyber–Physical Correlation Effects in Defense Games for Large Discrete Infrastructures

Journal Article · Sun Jul 22 20:00:00 EDT 2018 · Games · OSTI ID:2371727

Related Subjects

42 ENGINEERING
5G data network
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING
cloud servers infrastructure
energy grid
game theory
high performance computing federation
networked infrastructure
recursive system of systems

Game-Theoretic Strategies for Cyber-Physical Infrastructures Under Component Disruptions

Citation Formats

References (63)

Similar Records

Related Subjects