Search for photons above 1019 eV with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Allekotte, I.; Almeida Cheminant, K.; Almela, A.; Alvarez-Muñiz, J.; Ammerman Yebra, J.; Anastasi, G. A.; Anchordoqui, L.; Andrada, B.; Andringa, S.; Aramo, C.; Araújo Ferreira, P. R.; Arnone, E.; Arteaga Velázquez, J. C.; Asorey, H.; Assis, P.; Avila, G.; Avocone, E.; Badescu, A. M.; Bakalova, A.; Balaceanu, A.; Barbato, F.; Bellido, J. A.; Berat, C.; Bertaina, M. E.; Bhatta, G.; Biermann, P. L.; Binet, V.; Bismark, K.; Bister, T.; Biteau, J.; Blazek, J.; Bleve, C.; Blümer, J.; Boháčová, M.; Boncioli, D.; Bonifazi, C.; Bonneau Arbeletche, L.; Borodai, N.; Brack, J.; Bretz, T.; Brichetto Orchera, P. G.; Briechle, F. L.; Buchholz, P.; Bueno, A.; Buitink, S.; Buscemi, M.; Büsken, M.; Bwembya, A.; Caballero-Mora, K. S.; Caccianiga, L.; Caracas, I.; Caruso, R.; Castellina, A.; Catalani, F.; Cataldi, G.; Cazon, L.; Cerda, M.; Chinellato, J. A.; Chudoba, J.; Chytka, L.; Clay, R. W.; Cobos Cerutti, A. C.; Colalillo, R.; Coleman, A.; Coluccia, M. 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M.; González, N.; Goos, I.; Góra, D.; Gorgi, A.; Gottowik, M.; Grubb, T. D.; Guarino, F.; Guedes, G. P.; Guido, E.; Hahn, S.; Hamal, P.; Hampel, M. R.; Hansen, P.; Harari, D.; Harvey, V. M.; Haungs, A.; Hebbeker, T.; Heck, D.; Hojvat, C.; Hörandel, J. R.; Horvath, P.; Hrabovský, M.; Huege, T.; Insolia, A.; Isar, P. G.; Janecek, P.; Johnsen, J. A.; Jurysek, J.; Kääpä, A.; Kampert, K. H.; Keilhauer, B.; Khakurdikar, A.; Kizakke Covilakam, V. V.; Klages, H. O.; Kleifges, M.; Kleinfeller, J.; Knapp, F.; Krohm, N.; Kunka, N.; Lago, B. L.; Langner, N.; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A.; Lenok, V.; Letessier-Selvon, A.; Lhenry-Yvon, I.; Lo Presti, D.; Lopes, L.; López, R.; Lu, L.; Luce, Q.; Lundquist, J. P.; Machado Payeras, A.; Mancarella, G.; Mandat, D.; Manning, B. C.; Manshanden, J.; Mantsch, P.; Marafico, S.; Mariani, F. M.; Mariazzi, A. G.; Mariş, I. C.; Marsella, G.; Martello, D.; Martinelli, S.; Martínez Bravo, O.; Martins, M. A.; Mastrodicasa, M.; Mathes, H. 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J.; Tomé, B.; Torrès, Z.; Travaini, A.; Travnicek, P.; Trimarelli, C.; Tueros, M.; Ulrich, R.; Unger, M.; Vaclavek, L.; Vacula, M.; Valdés Galicia, J. F.; Valore, L.; Varela, E.; Vásquez-Ramírez, A.; Veberič, D.; Ventura, C.; Vergara Quispe, I. D.; Verzi, V.; Vicha, J.; Vink, J.; Vorobiov, S.; Watanabe, C.; Watson, A. A.; Weindl, A.; Wiencke, L.; Wilczyński, H.; Wittkowski, D.; Wundheiler, B.; Yushkov, A.; Zapparrata, O.; Zas, E.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zehrer, L.

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/021

Title: Search for photons above 10¹⁹ eV with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Journal Article · Tue May 09 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/021· OSTI ID:1890448

Abreu, P. ^[1]; Aglietta, M.; Allekotte, I.; Almeida Cheminant, K.; Almela, A.; Alvarez-Muñiz, J.; Ammerman Yebra, J.; Anastasi, G. A.; Anchordoqui, L.; Andrada, B.; Andringa, S.; Aramo, C.; Araújo Ferreira, P. R.; Arnone, E.; Arteaga Velázquez, J. C.; Asorey, H.; Assis, P.; Avila, G.; Avocone, E.; Badescu, A. M. more »

University of Lisbon (Portugal). Pierre Auger Collaboration. et al.

We use the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to search for air showers initiated by photons with an energy above 10¹⁹ eV. Photons in the zenith angle range from 30° to 60° can be identified in the overwhelming background of showers initiated by charged cosmic rays through the broader time structure of the signals induced in the water-Cherenkov detectors of the array and the steeper lateral distribution of shower particles reaching ground. Applying the search method to data collected between January 2004 and June 2020, upper limits at 95% CL are set to an E^-2 diffuse flux of ultra-high energy photons above 10¹⁹ eV, 2 × 10¹⁹ eV and 4 × 10¹⁹ eV amounting to 2.11 × 10^-3, 3.12 × 10^-4 and 1.72 × 10^-4 km^-2 sr^-1yr^-1, respectively. While the sensitivity of the present search around 2 × 10¹⁹ eV approaches expectations of cosmogenic photon fluxes in the case of a pure-proton composition, it is one order of magnitude above those from more realistic mixed-composition models. The inferred limits have also implications for the search of super-heavy dark matter that are discussed and illustrated.

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Research Organization:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Contributing Organization:: Pierre Auger Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359; FR02-04ER41300; FG02-99ER41107; SC0011689

OSTI ID:: 1890448

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-22-722-ND-PPD-TD; arXiv:2209.05926; oai:inspirehep.net:2151194

Journal Information:: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2023, Issue 05; ISSN 1475-7516

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Search for photons above 10¹⁹ eV with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory