E2 rotational invariants of 0$^{+}_{1}$ and 2$^{+}_{1}$ states for 106Cd: The emergence of collective rotation

Gray, T. J.; Allmond, J. M.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Korten, W.; Stuchbery, A. E.; Wood, J. L.; Ayangeakaa, A. D.; Bottoni, S.; Bucher, B. M.; Campbell, C. M.; Carpenter, M. P.; Crawford, H. L.; David, H.; Doherty, D. T.; Fallon, P.; Febbraro, M. T.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Gross, C. J.; Komorowska, M.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauritsen, T.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Napiorkowsi, P.; Padilla-Rodal, E.; Pain, S. D.; Reviol, W.; Sarantites, D. G.; Savard, G.; Seweryniak, D.; Wu, C. Y.; Yu, C. -H.; Zhu, S.

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137446

Title: E2 rotational invariants of 0$$^{+}_{1}$$ and 2$$^{+}_{1}$$ states for ¹⁰⁶Cd: The emergence of collective rotation

Journal Article · Tue Sep 13 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Physics Letters. B

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137446· OSTI ID:1888300

^[1]; Allmond, J. M. ^[1]; Janssens, R. V. F. ^[2]; Korten, W. ^[3]; Stuchbery, A. E. ^[4]; Wood, J. L. ^[5]; Ayangeakaa, A. D. ^[2]; Bottoni, S. ^[6]; Bucher, B. M. ^[7]; Campbell, C. M. ^[8]; Carpenter, M. P. ^[9]; Crawford, H. L. ^[8]; David, H. ^[9]; Doherty, D. T. ^[10]; Fallon, P. ^[8]; Febbraro, M. T. ^[1]; Galindo-Uribarri, A. ^[1]; Gross, C. J. ^[1]; Komorowska, M. ^[11]; Kondev, F. G. ^[9] more »

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States); Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
Australian National Univ., Canberra (Australia)
Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Chicago, IL (United States); INFN Sezione di Milano (Italy)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Chicago, IL (United States)
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Univ. of Surrey, Guildford (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Warsaw (Poland)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Inst. de Cienias Nucleares (Mexico)
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Chicago, IL (United States)
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Chicago, IL (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

The collective structure of ¹⁰⁶Cd is elucidated by multi-step Coulomb excitation of a 3.849 MeV/A beam of ¹⁰⁶Cd on a 1.1 mg/cm² ²⁰⁸Pb target using GRETINA-CHICO2 at ATLAS. Fourteen E2 matrix elements were obtained. The nucleus ¹⁰⁶Cd is a prime example of emergent collectivity that possesses a simple structure: it is free of complexity caused by shape coexistence and has a small, but collectively active number of valence nucleons. This work follows in a long and currently active quest to answer the fundamental question of the origin of nuclear collectivity and deformation, notably in the cadmium isotopes. The results are discussed in terms of phenomenological models, the shell model, and Kumar-Cline sums of E2 matrix elements. The < 0$$^{+}_{2}$$ ||E2||2$$^{+}_{1}$$ > matrix element is determined for the first time, providing a total, converged measure of the electric quadrupole strength, < Q² >, of the first-excited 2$$^{+}_{1}$$ level relative to the 0$$^{+}_{1}$$ ground state, which does not show an increase as expected of harmonic and anharmonic vibrations. Strong evidence for triaxial shapes in weakly collective nuclei is indicated; collective vibrations are excluded. This is contrary to the only other cadmium result of this kind in ¹¹⁴Cd by C. Fahlander et al., Nucl. Phys. A485, 327 (1988), which is complicated by low-lying shape coexistence near midshell.

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Research Organization:: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States). Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory; Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); Australian Research Council; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-97ER41041; FG02-97ER41033; AC05-00OR22725; AC02-06CH11357; AC02-05CH11231; AC52-07NA27344; SC0014442; DP170101673; AC07-05ID14517

OSTI ID:: 1888300

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1888087; OSTI ID: 1888931; OSTI ID: 1899172; OSTI ID: 1907678; OSTI ID: 1969283

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-833884; INL/JOU-22-67151-Rev000; TRN: US2309884

Journal Information:: Physics Letters. B, Vol. 834; ISSN 0370-2693

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: E2 rotational invariants of 0$$^{+}_{1}$$ and 2$$^{+}_{1}$$ states for 106Cd: The emergence of collective rotation

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Title: E2 rotational invariants of 0$$^{+}_{1}$$ and 2$$^{+}_{1}$$ states for ¹⁰⁶Cd: The emergence of collective rotation