Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites with Narrow Phase Distribution for Air-Stable Solar Cells

Ramakrishnan, Shripathi; Li, Hao; Xu, Yuanze; Shin, Dongyoon; Dursun, Ibrahim; Cotlet, Mircea; Zhang, Yugang; Yu, Qiuming

doi:10.1002/solr.202200490

Title: Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites with Narrow Phase Distribution for Air-Stable Solar Cells

Journal Article · Wed Jul 06 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Solar RRL

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202200490· OSTI ID:1887819

Ramakrishnan, Shripathi ^[1]; Li, Hao ^[1]; Xu, Yuanze ^[1]; Shin, Dongyoon ^[1]; Dursun, Ibrahim ^[1];

^[2]; Zhang, Yugang ^[2];

^[1]

Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites have risen to prominence as stable and efficient photovoltaic materials because of their structural diversity, rich photophysics, and low moisture ingression. However, thin films processed from stoichiometric precursor solutions possess a broad phase distribution of different number of inorganic layers with random crystal orientation, crippling device performance. The effect of methylammonium chloride (MACI) and 3-amino4-phenolsulfonic acid (APSA) on the fabrication of perpendicularly oriented (PEA)₂MA₄Pb₅I₁₆ films with narrow phase distribution using antisolvent and hot-casting processing techniques is investigated. MACI plays a critical role in suppressing parasitic n ≤ 2 and 3D-like phases. APSA performs the dual function of trap passivation and further narrowing phase polydispersity through strong coordination with Pb²⁺. Ex situ grazing-incident wide-angle X-Ray scattering (GIWAXS) and ultrafast spectroscopic characterization reveal uniformly mixed-phase distribution with disordered orientation in antisolvent treated films, while additive-assisted hot-casting treatment results in oriented, reverse-graded phase distribution, i.e., small-n on the film surface and large-n at the bottom. Arising thin films enable efficient p-i-n solar cells with an efficiency of 14.34%, and a V_oc of 1.20 V, retaining 96% initial efficiency after 1440 h under ambient conditions (RH = 50-60%) without encapsulation.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

DOE Contract Number:: SC0012704; CCS-2054942; EPM-211435; DMR-171987

OSTI ID:: 1887819

Report Number(s):: BNL-223380-2022-JAAM

Journal Information:: Solar RRL, Vol. 6, Issue 9; ISSN 2367-198X

Publisher:: Wiley

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites with Narrow Phase Distribution for Air-Stable Solar Cells

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