QED radiative corrections for accelerator neutrinos

Tomalak, Oleksandr; Chen, Qing; Hill, Richard J.; McFarland, Kevin S.

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32974-x

Title: QED radiative corrections for accelerator neutrinos

Journal Article · Thu Sep 08 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32974-x· OSTI ID:1887262

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Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States); Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China); Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Hefei (China)
Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)

Neutrino oscillation experiments at accelerator energies aim to establish charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector by measuring the energy-dependent rate of νe appearance and ν_μ disappearance in a ν_μ beam. These experiments can precisely measure ν_μ cross sections at near detectors, but ν_e cross sections are poorly constrained and require theoretical inputs. In particular, quantum electrodynamics radiative corrections are different for electrons and muons. These corrections are proportional to the small quantum electrodynamics coupling α ≈ 1/137; however, the large separation of scales between the neutrino energy and the proton mass (~GeV), and the electron mass and soft-photon detection thresholds (~MeV) introduces large logarithms in the perturbative expansion. The resulting flavor differences exceed the percent-level experimental precision and depend on nonperturbative hadronic structure. We establish a factorization theorem for exclusive charged-current (anti)neutrino scattering cross sections representing them as a product of two factors. The first factor is flavor universal; it depends on hadronic and nuclear structure and can be constrained by high-statistics ν_μ data. The second factor is non-universal and contains logarithmic enhancements, but can be calculated exactly in perturbation theory. For charged-current elastic scattering, we demonstrate the cancellation of uncertainties in the predicted ratio of ν_e and ν_μ cross sections. We point out the potential impact of non-collinear energetic photons and the distortion of the visible lepton spectra, and provide precise predictions for inclusive observables.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359; SC0019095; SC0008475; 89233218CNA000001; 20210968PRD4; NSF PHY-1748958

OSTI ID:: 1887262

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1891831; OSTI ID: 1907851

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-22-677-V; LA-UR-21-27844; oai:inspirehep.net:2149851; TRN: US2309802

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 1; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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