Gas and Cosmic-Ray Properties in the MBM 53, 54, and 55 Molecular Clouds and the Pegasus Loops Revealed by H i Line Profiles, Dust, and Gamma-Ray Data

Mizuno, T.; Hayashi, K.; Metzger, J.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Orlando, E.; Strong, A. W.; Yamamoto, H.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7de0

Title: Gas and Cosmic-Ray Properties in the MBM 53, 54, and 55 Molecular Clouds and the Pegasus Loops Revealed by H i Line Profiles, Dust, and Gamma-Ray Data

Journal Article · Fri Aug 19 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7de0· OSTI ID:1886986

^[1];

^[2]; Metzger, J. ^[3];

^[4]; Orlando, E. ^[5]; Strong, A. W. ^[6]; Yamamoto, H. ^[7]

Hiroshima Univ. (Japan)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan)
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Univ. of Trieste (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Trieste (Italy)
Max Planck Inst. fuer Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching (Germany)
Nagoya Univ. (Japan)

In studying the interstellar medium (ISM) and Galactic cosmic rays (CRs), uncertainty of the interstellar gas density has always been an issue. To overcome this difficulty, we used a component decomposition of the 21 cm H i emission line and used the resulting gas maps in an analysis of γ-ray data obtained by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) for the MBM 53, 54, and 55 molecular clouds and the Pegasus loop. We decomposed the ISM gas into intermediate-velocity clouds, narrow-line and optically thick H i, broad-line and optically thin H i, CO-bright H₂, and CO-dark H₂ using detailed correlations with the H i line profiles from the HI4PI survey, the Planck dust-emission model, and the Fermi-LAT γ-ray data. We found the fractions of the optical depth correction to the H i column density and CO-dark H₂ to be nearly equal. We fitted the CR spectra directly measured at/near the Earth and the measured γ-ray emissivity spectrum simultaneously. We obtained a spectral break in the interstellar proton spectrum at ~7 GeV, and found that the γ-ray emissivity normalization agrees with the AMS-02 proton spectrum within 10%, relaxing the tension with the CR spectra previously claimed.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; 17H02866; 2017-14-H.0; 80NSSC22K0495; NNX17AB48G

OSTI ID:: 1886986

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 935, Issue 2; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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