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Atmospheric waves and global seismoacoustic observations of the January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga

Journal Article · · Science
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  1. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (United States)
  3. Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt (Netherlands)
  4. Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) (United Kingdom)
  5. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  6. Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels (Belgium)
  7. California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  8. Univ. of Toulouse (France)
  9. Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)
  10. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT (United States)
  11. USGS Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK (United States)
  12. Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR) (Norway)
  13. Université Côte d’Azur (France)
  14. Southern Methodist Univ., Dallas, TX (United States)
  15. Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium)
  16. Nanyang Technological Univ. (Singapore); Massey University (New Zealand)
  17. Nanyang Technological Univ. (Singapore)
  18. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), Vienna (Austria)
  19. Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA). Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM) (France)
  20. Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hanover (Germany)
  21. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  22. University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS (United States)
  23. Univ. of Liverpool (United Kingdom)
  24. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL (United States)
  25. USGS Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  26. USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hilo, HI (United States)
  27. Wairakei Research Centre (New Zealand)
  28. Univ. of Florence (Italy)
  29. Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico)
  30. Univ. of Paris (France)
  31. Vanuatu Meteorology (Vanuatu)
  32. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM ), Daejeon (Korea)
  33. Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
  34. National Geology and Mining Service (Chile)
  35. Pennsylvania State Univ., State College, PA (United States)
  36. Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Washington, DC (United States)
  37. Univ. of Reading (United Kingdom)
  38. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
  39. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (Norway)
  40. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon (Korea)
  41. Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito (Ecuador)
  42. Univ. of Mississippi, Oxford, MS (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
The 15 January 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, produced an explosion in the atmosphere of a size that has not been documented in the modern geophysical record. The event generated a broad range of atmospheric waves observed globally by various ground-based and spaceborne instrumentation networks. Most prominent was the surface-guided Lamb wave (≲0.01 hertz), which we observed propagating for four (plus three antipodal) passages around Earth over 6 days. As measured by the Lamb wave amplitudes, the climactic Hunga explosion was comparable in size to that of the 1883 Krakatau eruption. The Hunga eruption produced remarkable globally detected infrasound (0.01 to 20 hertz), long-range (~10,000 kilometers) audible sound, and ionospheric perturbations. Seismometers worldwide recorded pure seismic and air-to-ground coupled waves. Air-to-sea coupling likely contributed to fast-arriving tsunamis. In this article, we highlight exceptional observations of the atmospheric waves.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
CONACYT; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS); French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR); Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(KAKENHI); IDA; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics; Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Natioanal Science Foundation (NSF); Royal Society; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001; AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1878450
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1884764
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-22-21554; LLNL-JRNL-831900; 1049197
Journal Information:
Science, Journal Name: Science Journal Issue: 6601 Vol. 377; ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher:
AAASCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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58 GEOSCIENCES