Subthreshold Erosion of an Organic Polymer Induced by Multiple Shots of an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

Burian, T.; Chalupský, J.; Hájková, V.; Toufarová, M.; Vorlíček, V.; Hau-Riege, S.; Krzywinski, J.; Bozek, J. D.; Bostedt, C.; Graf, A. T.; Jastrow, U. F.; Kreis, S.; London, R. A.; Messerschmidt, M.; Moeller, S.; Sobierajski, R.; Tiedtke, K.; de Grazia, M.; Auguste, T.; Carré, B.; Guizard, S.; Merdji, H.; Medvedev, N.; Juha, L.

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.14.034057

Title: Subthreshold Erosion of an Organic Polymer Induced by Multiple Shots of an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

Journal Article · Tue Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physical Review Applied

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.14.034057· OSTI ID:1884625

^[1]; Chalupský, J. ^[2];

^[2];

^[2]; Vorlíček, V. ^[2]; Hau-Riege, S. ^[3]; Krzywinski, J. ^[4]; Bozek, J. D. ^[4]; Bostedt, C. ^[4]; Graf, A. T. ^[4]; Jastrow, U. F. ^[5]; Kreis, S. ^[5]; London, R. A. ^[3]; Messerschmidt, M. ^[6];

^[4];

^[7]; Tiedtke, K. ^[5]; de Grazia, M. ^[8]; Auguste, T. ^[9]; Carré, B. ^[9] more »

Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague (Czech Republic); Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic)
Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague (Czech Republic)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg (Germany)
BioXFEL STC, Buffalo, NY (United States)
Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw (Poland)
Service Couches Minces, Saint-Gobain Recherche (France)
University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)

We report solids irradiated by energetic photons can be eroded in two modes, depending on the radiation intensity. High average, low-peak power sources, e.g., synchrotron radiation and high-order harmonics, induce desorption of the material at a low etch rate. In contrast, high-peak-power radiation from extreme ultraviolet and x-ray lasers usually causes a massive removal of the material even by a single shot. In this contribution, an effective material erosion is reported in PMMA exposed to multiple accumulated pulses generated by the free-electron x-ray-laser Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS, tuned at a photon energy of 830 eV in this study, operated in Menlo Park at Stanford, CA, USA) at a fluence below the single-pulse ablation threshold. The effect is caused by polymer-chain scissions initiated by single photons carrying enough energy to break the C—C bounds. High efficiency of the erosion is supposed to occur due to a correlation of the single-photon effects. The subthreshold damage exhibits a nonlinear dose dependence resulting from a competition between chain scissions and cross-linking processes. The cross-linking is proven by Raman spectroscopy of the irradiated polymer. Two theoretical models of the x-ray free-electron-laser-induced erosion are suggested, which provide an excellent agreement with the experimental results.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Czech Science Foundation; Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; 17-05076S; 17-05167S; LLT17015; EF16_013/0001552

OSTI ID:: 1884625

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-820010; 1031305; TRN: US2308099

Journal Information:: Physical Review Applied, Vol. 14, Issue 3; ISSN 2331-7019

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Subthreshold Erosion of an Organic Polymer Induced by Multiple Shots of an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

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