Gradient Doping in Sn–Pb Perovskites by Barium Ions for Efficient Single-Junction and Tandem Solar Cells

Yu, Zhenhua; Chen, Xihan; Harvey, Steven P.; Ni, Zhenyi; Chen, Bo; Chen, Shangshang; Yao, Canglang; Xiao, Xun; Xu, Shuang; Yang, Guang; Yan, Yanfa; Berry, Joseph J.; Beard, Matthew C.; Huang, Jinsong

doi:10.1002/adma.202110351

Gradient Doping in Sn–Pb Perovskites by Barium Ions for Efficient Single-Junction and Tandem Solar Cells

Journal Article · Wed Feb 16 04:00:00 EST 2022 · Advanced Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202110351· OSTI ID:1847090

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Ni, Zhenyi ^[1]; Chen, Bo ^[1]; Chen, Shangshang ^[1]; Yao, Canglang ^[4]; Xiao, Xun ^[1]; Xu, Shuang ^[1]; Yang, Guang ^[1]; Yan, Yanfa ^[4]; Berry, Joseph J. ^[3]; ^[3]; ^[1]

Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Southern Univ. of Science and Technology, Guangdong (China)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Univ. of Toledo, OH (United States)

Narrow bandgap tin-lead (NBG Sn-Pb) perovskites generally have a high density of unintentional p-type self-doping, which reduces the charge carrier lifetimes, diffusion lengths and device efficiencies. Here, we demonstrate a p-n homojunction across the Sn-Pb perovskite resulted from a gradient doping by Ba²⁺. We report that 0.1 mol% Ba²⁺ can effectively compensate the p-doping of Sn-Pb perovskites or even turns it to n-type without changing its bandgap. Ba²⁺ cations are found to stay at the interstitial sites and work as shallow electron donor. In addition, Ba²⁺ cations show a unique heterogeneous distribution in perovskite film. Most of the barium ions stay in the top 600 nanometer region of the perovskite films and turn it into weakly n-type, while the bottom portion of the film remains to be p-type. The gradient doping forms of a homojunction from top to bottom of the perovskite films with a built-in field that facilitates extraction of photogenerated carriers, resulting an increased carrier extraction length. Furthermore, this strategy enhanced the efficiency of Sn-Pb perovskite single-junction solar cells to over 21.0% and boosted the efficiencies of monolithic perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cells to 25.3% and 24.1%, for active areas of 5.9 mm2 and 0.94 cm², respectively.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1847090

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1854621
OSTI ID: 1856754
OSTI ID: 1884290
OSTI ID: 1884310
OSTI ID: 1894669

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5K00-78988; MainId:32905; UUID:f674a0fb-f345-4adb-9b9f-15f0c32bc9a0; MainAdminID:63949

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Issue: 16 Vol. 34; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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14 SOLAR ENERGY
Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells
all-perovskite tandem solar cells
gradient n-doping by barium
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perovskites
ununiform distribution

Gradient Doping in Sn–Pb Perovskites by Barium Ions for Efficient Single-Junction and Tandem Solar Cells

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