Identifying the Signatures of Intermolecular Interactions in Blends of PM6 with Y6 and N4 Using Absorption Spectroscopy

Kroh, Daniel; Eller, Fabian; Schötz, Konstantin; Wedler, Stefan; Perdigón‐Toro, Lorena; Freychet, Guillaume; Wei, Qingya; Dörr, Maximilian; Jones, David; Zou, Yingping; Herzig, Eva M.; Neher, Dieter; Köhler, Anna

doi:10.1002/adfm.202205711

Identifying the Signatures of Intermolecular Interactions in Blends of PM6 with Y6 and N4 Using Absorption Spectroscopy

Journal Article · Tue Aug 23 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Advanced Functional Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202205711· OSTI ID:1883261

Kroh, Daniel ^[1]; Eller, Fabian ^[2]; Schötz, Konstantin ^[1]; Wedler, Stefan ^[1]; Perdigón‐Toro, Lorena ^[3]; Freychet, Guillaume ^[4]; Wei, Qingya ^[5]; Dörr, Maximilian ^[1]; Jones, David ^[6]; Zou, Yingping ^[5]; Herzig, Eva M. ^[2]; Neher, Dieter ^[3]; ^[7]

Soft Matter Optoelectronics Experimentalphysik II University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
Dynamik und Strukturbildung‐Herzig Group Physikalisches Institut Universität Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
Soft Matter Physics and Optoelectronics Institute of Physics and Astronomy University of Potsdam Karl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24‐25 14476 Potsdam‐Golm Germany
NSLS‐II Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Chansha 410083 P. R. China
School of Chemistry Bio21 Institute The University of Melbourne 30 Flemington Road Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
Soft Matter Optoelectronics Experimentalphysik II University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany, Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) University of Bayreuth 95447 Bayreuth Germany

Abstract

In organic solar cells, the resulting device efficiency depends strongly on the local morphology and intermolecular interactions of the blend film. Optical spectroscopy was used to identify the spectral signatures of interacting chromophores in blend films of the donor polymer PM6 with two state‐of‐the‐art nonfullerene acceptors, Y6 and N4, which differ merely in the branching point of the side chain. From temperature‐dependent absorption and luminescence spectroscopy in solution, it is inferred that both acceptor materials form two types of aggregates that differ in their interaction energy. Y6 forms an aggregate with a predominant J‐type character in solution, while for N4 molecules the interaction is predominantly in a H‐like manner in solution and freshly spin‐cast film, yet the molecules reorient with respect to each other with time or thermal annealing to adopt a more J‐type interaction. The different aggregation behavior of the acceptor materials is also reflected in the blend films and accounts for the different solar cell efficiencies reported with the two blends.

View Journal Article

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NONE; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1883261

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1895513

Journal Information:: Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Functional Materials Journal Issue: 44 Vol. 32; ISSN 1616-301X

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

References (81)

Electronic Processes in Organic Semiconductors: An Introduction Köhler, Anna; Bässler, Heinz https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527685172	book	March 2015
Temperature‐Dependent Aggregation Donor Polymers Enable Highly Efficient Sequentially Processed Organic Photovoltaics Without the Need of Orthogonal Solvents Arunagiri, Lingeswaran; Zhang, Guangye; Hu, Huawei Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201902478	journal	June 2019
Effects of Short‐Axis Alkoxy Substituents on Molecular Self‐Assembly and Photovoltaic Performance of Indacenodithiophene‐Based Acceptors Li, Xiaojun; Huang, He; Angunawela, Indunil Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201906855	journal	October 2019
Fibril Network Strategy Enables High‐Performance Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells Xie, Yuanpeng; Cai, Yunhao; Zhu, Lei Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202002181	journal	May 2020
Low Temperature Aggregation Transitions in N3 and Y6 Acceptors Enable Double‐Annealing Method That Yields Hierarchical Morphology and Superior Efficiency in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells Qin, Yunpeng; Xu, Ye; Peng, Zhengxing Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202005011	journal	September 2020
Influence of Alkyl Chain Branching Positions on the Hole Mobilities of Polymer Thin-Film Transistors Lei, Ting; Dou, Jin-Hu; Pei, Jian Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201202689	journal	September 2012
Eco‐Compatible Solvent‐Processed Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Over 16% Efficiency Hong, Ling; Yao, Huifeng; Wu, Ziang Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903441	journal	August 2019
Layer‐by‐Layer Processed Ternary Organic Photovoltaics with Efficiency over 18% Zhan, Lingling; Li, Shuixing; Xia, Xinxin Advanced Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202007231	journal	February 2021
Organic Solar Cells with 18% Efficiency Enabled by an Alloy Acceptor: A Two‐in‐One Strategy Liu, Feng; Zhou, Liang; Liu, Wenrui Advanced Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202100830	journal	May 2021
Nanographene–Osmapentalyne Complexes as a Cathode Interlayer in Organic Solar Cells Enhance Efficiency over 18% Liu, Longzhu; Chen, Shiyan; Qu, Yangyang Advanced Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202101279	journal	June 2021
Single‐Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cell with 19% Efficiency Cui, Yong; Xu, Ye; Yao, Huifeng Advanced Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202102420	journal	August 2021
Volatilizable Solid Additive‐Assisted Treatment Enables Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 18.8% and Fill Factor Exceeding 80% Bao, Sunan; Yang, Hang; Fan, Hongyu Advanced Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202105301	journal	September 2021
Realizing 19.05% Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells by Progressively Improving Charge Extraction and Suppressing Charge Recombination Chong, Kaien; Xu, Xiaopeng; Meng, Huifeng Advanced Materials, Vol. 34, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202109516	journal	February 2022
Influence of Aggregation on the Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells Containing Low-Bandgap Naphthalenediimide Copolymers Schubert, Marcel; Dolfen, Daniel; Frisch, Johannes Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201100601	journal	January 2012
Beyond Langevin Recombination: How Equilibrium Between Free Carriers and Charge Transfer States Determines the Open-Circuit Voltage of Organic Solar Cells Burke, Timothy M.; Sweetnam, Sean; Vandewal, Koen Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500123	journal	April 2015
Effect of Molecular Packing and Charge Delocalization on the Nonradiative Recombination of Charge-Transfer States in Organic Solar Cells Chen, Xian-Kai; Ravva, Mahesh Kumar; Li, Hong Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201601325	journal	September 2016
Charge‐Transfer States at Organic–Organic Interfaces: Impact of Static and Dynamic Disorders Zheng, Zilong; Tummala, Naga Rajesh; Wang, Tonghui Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201803926	journal	February 2019
Efficient Organic Solar Cell with 16.88% Efficiency Enabled by Refined Acceptor Crystallization and Morphology with Improved Charge Transfer and Transport Properties Zhu, Lei; Zhang, Ming; Zhou, Guanqing Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201904234	journal	March 2020
Altering the Positions of Chlorine and Bromine Substitution on the End Group Enables High‐Performance Acceptor and Efficient Organic Solar Cells Luo, Zhenghui; Ma, Ruijie; Chen, Zhanxiang Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202002649	journal	October 2020
A History and Perspective of Non‐Fullerene Electron Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells Armin, Ardalan; Li, Wei; Sandberg, Oskar J. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003570	journal	January 2021
A Thiadiazole‐Based Conjugated Polymer with Ultradeep HOMO Level and Strong Electroluminescence Enables 18.6% Efficiency in Organic Solar Cell Zhang, Tao; An, Cunbin; Bi, Pengqing Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202101705	journal	July 2021
Cold‐Aging and Solvent Vapor Mediated Aggregation Control toward 18% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells Guo, Chuanhang; Li, Donghui; Wang, Liang Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202102000	journal	August 2021
Alkyl‐Chain Branching of Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Flanking Conjugated Side Groups toward Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells Zhang, Jianquan; Bai, Fujin; Angunawela, Indunil Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202102596	journal	October 2021
Understanding the Role of Order in Y‐Series Non‐Fullerene Solar Cells to Realize High Open‐Circuit Voltages Perdigón‐Toro, Lorena; Phuong, Le Quang; Eller, Fabian Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202103422	journal	February 2022
Tuning Aggregation Behavior of Polymer Donor via Molecular‐Weight Control for Achieving 17.1% Efficiency Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Liu, Qi; Fang, Jin; Wu, Jingnan Chinese Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 39, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.202100112	journal	June 2021
Revealing structure formation in PCPDTBT by optical spectroscopy Scharsich, Christina; Fischer, Florian S. U.; Wilma, Kevin Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 53, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.23780	journal	July 2015
Controlling aggregate formation in conjugated polymers by spin-coating below the critical temperature of the disorder-order transition Reichenberger, Markus; Kroh, Daniel; Matrone, Giovanni M. M. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 56, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.24562	journal	December 2017
A Generally Applicable Approach Using Sequential Deposition to Enable Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells Fu, Huiting; Gao, Wei; Li, Yuxiang Small Methods, Vol. 4, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202000687	journal	September 2020
Over 16.7% efficiency of ternary organic photovoltaics by employing extra PC71BM as morphology regulator Gao, Jinhua; Wang, Jian; An, Qiaoshi Science China Chemistry, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-019-9634-5	journal	November 2019
Altering alkyl-chains branching positions for boosting the performance of small-molecule acceptors for highly efficient nonfullerene organic solar cells Luo, Zhenghui; Sun, Rui; Zhong, Cheng Science China Chemistry, Vol. 63, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-019-9670-2	journal	February 2020
Non-fullerene acceptor fibrils enable efficient ternary organic solar cells with 16.6% efficiency Li, Donghui; Chen, Xiaolong; Cai, Jinglong Science China Chemistry, Vol. 63, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-019-9681-8	journal	February 2020
Achieving 16.68% efficiency ternary as-cast organic solar cells Ma, Ruijie; Tao, Yang; Chen, Yuzhong Science China Chemistry, Vol. 64, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-020-9912-0	journal	January 2021
Over 17.7% efficiency ternary-blend organic solar cells with low energy-loss and good thickness-tolerance Gao, Jinhua; Ma, Xiaoling; Xu, Chunyu Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 428 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129276	journal	January 2022
Reducing Voltage Losses in the A-DA′D-A Acceptor-Based Organic Solar Cells Yuan, Jun; Zhang, Huotian; Zhang, Rui Chem, Vol. 6, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2020.08.003	journal	September 2020
Enhancing performance of non-fullerene organic solar cells via side chain engineering of fused-ring electron acceptors Yan, Cenqi; Wu, Yang; Wang, Jiayu Dyes and Pigments, Vol. 139 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.12.065	journal	April 2017
Impact of alkyl chain branching positions on molecular packing and electron transport of dimeric perylenediimide derivatives Guo, Yuan; Han, Guangchao; Yi, Yuanping Journal of Energy Chemistry, Vol. 35 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2018.11.012	journal	August 2019
Heating induced aggregation in non-fullerene organic solar cells towards high performance Du, Baocai; Geng, Renyong; Tan, Wenliang Journal of Energy Chemistry, Vol. 54 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2020.05.054	journal	March 2021
Single-Junction Organic Solar Cell with over 15% Efficiency Using Fused-Ring Acceptor with Electron-Deficient Core Yuan, Jun; Zhang, Yunqiang; Zhou, Liuyang Joule, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.01.004	journal	April 2019
Alkyl Chain Tuning of Small Molecule Acceptors for Efficient Organic Solar Cells Jiang, Kui; Wei, Qingya; Lai, Joshua Yuk Lin Joule, Vol. 3, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.09.010	journal	December 2019
Fine-Tuning Energy Levels via Asymmetric End Groups Enables Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 17% Luo, Zhenghui; Ma, Ruijie; Liu, Tao Joule, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.03.023	journal	June 2020
Single-Component Non-halogen Solvent-Processed High-Performance Organic Solar Cell Module with Efficiency over 14% Dong, Sheng; Jia, Tao; Zhang, Kai Joule, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.028	journal	September 2020
Tandem Organic Solar Cell with 20.2% Efficiency Zheng, Zhong; Wang, Jianqiu; Bi, Pengqing Joule, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.12.017	journal	January 2022
Molecular packing of non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells: Distinctive local morphology in Y6 vs. ITIC derivatives Kupgan, G.; Chen, X. K.; Brédas, J. L. Materials Today Advances, Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100154	journal	September 2021
Influence of the alkyl chain lengths in perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) derivatives on the photovoltaic properties of planar organic solar cells Yasuda, Takeshi; Sakamoto, Kenji Organic Electronics, Vol. 62 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2018.08.041	journal	November 2018
Control of π–π Stacking via Crystal Engineering in Organic Conjugated Small Molecule Crystals Yao, Ze-Fan; Wang, Jie-Yu; Pei, Jian Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 18, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01385	journal	December 2017
Elucidating Aggregation Pathways in the Donor–Acceptor Type Molecules p-DTS(FBTTh ₂ ) ₂ and p-SIDT(FBTTh ₂ ) ₂ Bourdick, Axel; Reichenberger, Markus; Stradomska, Anna The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 122, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06283	journal	September 2018
Temperature Induced Order–Disorder Transition in Solutions of Conjugated Polymers Probed by Optical Spectroscopy Panzer, Fabian; Bässler, Heinz; Köhler, Anna The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01641	journal	December 2016
Entropy and Disorder Enable Charge Separation in Organic Solar Cells Hood, Samantha N.; Kassal, Ivan The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02178	journal	October 2016
Disorder vs Delocalization: Which Is More Advantageous for High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells? Athanasopoulos, Stavros; Bässler, Heinz; Köhler, Anna The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02866	journal	October 2019
Spectroscopic Signature of Two Distinct H-Aggregate Species in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Panzer, Fabian; Sommer, Michael; Bässler, Heinz Macromolecules, Vol. 48, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00129	journal	February 2015
Watching Paint Dry: The Impact of Diiodooctane on the Kinetics of Aggregate Formation in Thin Films of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Reichenberger, Markus; Baderschneider, Sebastian; Kroh, Daniel Macromolecules, Vol. 49, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01257	journal	August 2016
Preaggregation in Solution Producing Multiple Crystal Forms of Y6 Corresponding to a Variation of Miscibility in PM6-Based Ternary Solar Cells Yao, Ge; Ge, Yansong; Xiao, Xinyu ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c03578	journal	January 2022
Synergistic Effect of Alkyl Chain and Chlorination Engineering on High-Performance Nonfullerene Acceptors Mo, Daize; Chen, Hui; Zhu, Yulin ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 12, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c07856	journal	June 2020
New Phase for Organic Solar Cell Research: Emergence of Y-Series Electron Acceptors and Their Perspectives Li, Shuixing; Li, Chang-Zhi; Shi, Minmin ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00537	journal	April 2020
Adding a Third Component with Reduced Miscibility and Higher LUMO Level Enables Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells Ma, Ruijie; Liu, Tao; Luo, Zhenghui ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01364	journal	August 2020
Low-Bandgap Non-fullerene Acceptors Enabling High-Performance Organic Solar Cells Liu, Wei; Xu, Xiang; Yuan, Jun ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02384	journal	January 2021
Excitons Dominate the Emission from PM6:Y6 Solar Cells, but This Does Not Help the Open-Circuit Voltage of the Device Perdigón-Toro, Lorena; Phuong, Le Quang; Zeiske, Stefan ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02572	journal	January 2021
The Spectral Signatures of Frenkel Polarons in H- and J-Aggregates Spano, Frank C. Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 43, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar900233v	journal	March 2010
An Order–Disorder Transition in the Conjugated Polymer MEH-PPV Köhler, Anna; Hoffmann, Sebastian T.; Bässler, Heinz Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja302408a	journal	July 2012
n-Type Molecular Photovoltaic Materials: Design Strategies and Device Applications Yue, Qihui; Liu, Wuyue; Zhu, Xiaozhang Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 142, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c04084	journal	May 2020
Crystallography, Morphology, Electronic Structure, and Transport in Non-Fullerene/Non-Indacenodithienothiophene Polymer:Y6 Solar Cells Zhu, Weigang; Spencer, Austin P.; Mukherjee, Subhrangsu Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 142, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c05560	journal	July 2020
A Non-fullerene Acceptor with Enhanced Intermolecular π-Core Interaction for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells Lin, Francis; Jiang, Kui; Kaminsky, Werner Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 142, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c07083	journal	August 2020
Concurrent Cooperative J-Aggregates and Anticooperative H-Aggregates Cai, Kang; Xie, Jiajun; Zhang, Di Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 140, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b01463	journal	April 2018
Intramolecular Charge Transfer Assisted by Conformational Changes in the Excited State of Fluorene-dibenzothiophene- S,S -dioxide Co-oligomers Dias, Fernando B.; Pollock, Sam; Hedley, Gordon The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0643653	journal	October 2006
The Impact of Polydispersity and Molecular Weight on the Order–Disorder Transition in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Panzer, Fabian; Bässler, Heinz; Lohwasser, Ruth The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz5009938	journal	July 2014
Non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells Yan, Cenqi; Barlow, Stephen; Wang, Zhaohui Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2018.3	journal	February 2018
Aggregation and morphology control enables multiple cases of high-efficiency polymer solar cells Liu, Yuhang; Zhao, Jingbo; Li, Zhengke Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6293	journal	November 2014
Delocalization of exciton and electron wavefunction in non-fullerene acceptor molecules enables efficient organic solar cells Zhang, Guichuan; Chen, Xian-Kai; Xiao, Jingyang Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17867-1	journal	August 2020
Universal and versatile morphology engineering via hot fluorous solvent soaking for organic bulk heterojunction Shan, Tong; Zhang, Yi; Wang, Yan Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19429-x	journal	November 2020
Material insights and challenges for non-fullerene organic solar cells based on small molecular acceptors Zhang, Jianquan; Tan, Huei Shuan; Guo, Xugang Nature Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0181-5	journal	July 2018
Single-junction organic solar cells with over 19% efficiency enabled by a refined double-fibril network morphology Zhu, Lei; Zhang, Ming; Xu, Jinqiu Nature Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01244-y	journal	May 2022
Over 17% efficiency ternary organic solar cells enabled by two non-fullerene acceptors working in an alloy-like model Zhan, Lingling; Li, Shuixing; Lau, Tsz-Ki Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE03710A	journal	January 2020
A universal method for constructing high efficiency organic solar cells with stacked structures Wei, Yanan; Yu, Jianwei; Qin, Linqing Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EE03490H	journal	January 2021
Fine-tuning of side-chain orientations on nonfullerene acceptors enables organic solar cells with 17.7% efficiency Chai, Gaoda; Chang, Yuan; Zhang, Jianquan Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EE03506H	journal	January 2021
What is the role of planarity and torsional freedom for aggregation in a π-conjugated donor–acceptor model oligomer? Wedler, Stefan; Bourdick, Axel; Athanasopoulos, Stavros Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 8, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC00217H	journal	January 2020
Single-crystal field-effect transistors based on a fused-ring electron acceptor with high ambipolar mobilities Xiao, Chengyi; Li, Cheng; Liu, Feng Journal of Materials Chemistry C https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC00587H	journal	January 2020
Observing long-range non-fullerene backbone ordering in real-space to improve the charge transport properties of organic solar cells Bi, Zhaozhao; Chen, Kai; Gou, Lu Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 9, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA04623C	journal	January 2021
Effect of doping on the density-of-states distribution and carrier hopping in disordered organic semiconductors Arkhipov, V. I.; Heremans, P.; Emelianova, E. V. Physical Review B, Vol. 71, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.045214	journal	January 2005
Wide Energy-Window View on the Density of States and Hole Mobility in Poly( p -Phenylene Vinylene) Hulea, I. N.; Brom, H. B.; Houtepen, A. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.166601	journal	October 2004
The exciton model in molecular spectroscopy Kasha, M.; Rawls, H. R.; Ashraf El-Bayoumi, M. Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 11, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1351/pac196511030371	journal	January 1965
Energy Transfer Mechanisms and the Molecular Exciton Model for Molecular Aggregates Kasha, Michael Radiation Research, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2307/3571331	journal	September 1963

Similar Records

Unique W-Shape Y6 isomer as effective solid additive for High-Performance PM6:Y6 polymer solar cells

Journal Article · Wed Mar 23 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Chemical Engineering Journal · OSTI ID:1890206

Identifying the Signatures of Intermolecular Interactions in Blends of PM6 with Y6 and N4 Using Absorption Spectroscopy

Citation Formats

References (81)

Similar Records

Related Subjects