Freezing out fluctuations in Hydro + near the QCD critical point

Pradeep, Maneesha; Rajagopal, Krishna; Stephanov, Mikhail; Yin, Yi

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.106.036017

Title: Freezing out fluctuations in $Hydro +$ near the QCD critical point

Journal Article · Fri Aug 19 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Physical Review D

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.036017· OSTI ID:1882433

;

; Stephanov, Mikhail; Yin, Yi

We introduce a freeze-out procedure to convert the critical fluctuations in a droplet of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) that has, as it expanded and cooled, passed close to a posited critical point on the phase diagram into cumulants of hadron multiplicities that can subsequently be measured. The procedure connects the out-of-equilibrium critical fluctuations described in concert with the hydrodynamic evolution of the droplet of QGP by extended hydrodynamics, known as Hydro+, with the subsequent kinetic description in terms of observable hadrons. We introduce a critical scalar isoscalar field sigma whose fluctuations cause correlations between observed hadrons due to the couplings of the sigma field to the hadrons via their masses. We match the QGP fluctuations obtained by solving the Hydro+ equations describing the evolution of critical fluctuations before freeze-out to the correlations of the sigma field. In turn, these are imprinted onto correlations and fluctuations in the multiplicity of hadrons, most importantly protons, after freeze-out via the generalization of the familiar half-century-old Cooper-Frye freeze-out prescription which we introduce. The proposed framework allows us to study the effects of critical slowing down and the consequent deviation of the observable predictions from equilibrium expectations quantitatively. We also quantify the suppression of cumulants due to conservation of baryon number. We demonstrate the procedure in practice by freezing out a Hydro+ simulation in an azimuthally symmetric and boost invariant background that includes radial flow discussed in Rajagopal et al.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); Chinese Academy of Sciences

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0011090; FG0201ER41195; FG02-01ER41195; XDB34000000

OSTI ID:: 1882433

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1980162

Journal Information:: Physical Review D, Journal Name: Physical Review D Vol. 106 Journal Issue: 3; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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