Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop

Abbasi, R.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.; Aguilar, J. A.; Ahlers, M.; Ahrens, M.; Alameddine, J. M.; Alves, A. A.; Amin, N. M.; Andeen, K.; Anderson, T.; Anton, G.; Argüelles, C.; Ashida, Y.; Axani, S.; Bai, X.; Balagopal V., A.; Barwick, S. W.; Bastian, B.; Basu, V.; Baur, S.; Bay, R.; Beatty, J. J.; Becker, K. -H.; Becker Tjus, J.; Beise, J.; Bellenghi, C.; Benda, S.; BenZvi, S.; Berley, D.; Bernardini, E.; Besson, D. Z.; Binder, G.; Bindig, D.; Blaufuss, E.; Blot, S.; Boddenberg, M.; Bontempo, F.; Borowka, J.; Böser, S.; Botner, O.; Böttcher, J.; Bourbeau, E.; Bradascio, F.; Braun, J.; Brinson, B.; Bron, S.; Brostean-Kaiser, J.; Browne, S.; Burgman, A.; Burley, R. T.; Busse, R. S.; Campana, M. A.; Carnie-Bronca, E. G.; Chen, C.; Chen, Z.; Chirkin, D.; Choi, K.; Clark, B. A.; Clark, K.; Classen, L.; Coleman, A.; Collin, G. H.; Conrad, J. M.; Coppin, P.; Correa, P.; Cowen, D. F.; Cross, R.; Dappen, C.; Dave, P.; De Clercq, C.; DeLaunay, J. J.; Delgado López, D.; Dembinski, H.; Deoskar, K.; Desai, A.; Desiati, P.; de Vries, K. D.; de Wasseige, G.; de With, M.; DeYoung, T.; Diaz, A.; Díaz-Vélez, J. C.; Dittmer, M.; Dujmovic, H.; Dunkman, M.; DuVernois, M. A.; Ehrhardt, T.; Eller, P.; Engel, R.; Erpenbeck, H.; Evans, J.; Evenson, P. A.; Fan, K. L.; Fazely, A. R.; Fedynitch, A.; Feigl, N.; Fiedlschuster, S.; Fienberg, A. T.; Finley, C.; Fischer, L.; Fox, D.; Franckowiak, A.; Friedman, E.; Fritz, A.; Fürst, P.; Gaisser, T. K.; Gallagher, J.; Ganster, E.; Garcia, A.; Garrappa, S.; Gerhardt, L.; Ghadimi, A.; Glaser, C.; Glauch, T.; Glüsenkamp, T.; Gonzalez, J. G.; Goswami, S.; Grant, D.; Grégoire, T.; Griswold, S.; Günther, C.; Gutjahr, P.; Haack, C.; Hallgren, A.; Halliday, R.; Halve, L.; Halzen, F.; Ha Minh, M.; Hanson, K.; Hardin, J.; Harnisch, A. A.; Haungs, A.; Hebecker, D.; Helbing, K.; Henningsen, F.; Hettinger, E. C.; Hickford, S.; Hignight, J.; Hill, C.; Hill, G. C.; Hoffman, K. D.; Hoffmann, R.; Hoshina, K.; Huang, F.; Huber, M.; Huber, T.; Hultqvist, K.; Hünnefeld, M.; Hussain, R.; Hymon, K.; In, S.; Iovine, N.; Ishihara, A.; Jansson, M.; Japaridze, G. S.; Jeong, M.; Jin, M.; Jones, B. J. P.; Kang, D.; Kang, W.; Kang, X.; Kappes, A.; Kappesser, D.; Kardum, L.; Karg, T.; Karl, M.; Karle, A.; Katz, U.; Kauer, M.; Kellermann, M.; Kelley, J. L.; Kheirandish, A.; Kin, K.; Kintscher, T.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Koirala, R.; Kolanoski, H.; Kontrimas, T.; Köpke, L.; Kopper, C.; Kopper, S.; Koskinen, D. J.; Koundal, P.; Kovacevich, M.; Kowalski, M.; Kozynets, T.; Kun, E.; Kurahashi, N.; Lad, N.; Lagunas Gualda, C.; Lanfranchi, J. L.; Larson, M. J.; Lauber, F.; Lazar, J. P.; Lee, J. W.; Leonard, K.; Leszczyńska, A.; Li, Y.; Lincetto, M.; Liu, Q. R.; Liubarska, M.; Lohfink, E.; Lozano Mariscal, C. J.; Lu, L.; Lucarelli, F.; Ludwig, A.; Luszczak, W.; Lyu, Y.; Ma, W. Y.; Madsen, J.; Mahn, K. B. M.; Makino, Y.; Mancina, S.; Mariş, I. C.; Martinez-Soler, I.; Maruyama, R.; McCarthy, S.; McElroy, T.; McNally, F.; Mead, J. V.; Meagher, K.; Mechbal, S.; Medina, A.; Meier, M.; Meighen-Berger, S.; Micallef, J.; Mockler, D.; Montaruli, T.; Moore, R. W.; Morse, R.; Moulai, M.; Naab, R.; Nagai, R.; Naumann, U.; Necker, J.; Nguyễn, L. V.; Niederhausen, H.; Nisa, M. U.; Nowicki, S. C.; Obertacke Pollmann, A.; Oehler, M.; Oeyen, B.; Olivas, A.; O’Sullivan, E.; Pandya, H.; Pankova, D. V.; Park, N.; Parker, G. K.; Paudel, E. N.; Paul, L.; Pérez de los Heros, C.; Peters, L.; Peterson, J.; Philippen, S.; Pieper, S.; Pittermann, M.; Pizzuto, A.; Plum, M.; Popovych, Y.; Porcelli, A.; Prado Rodriguez, M.; Pries, B.; Przybylski, G. T.; Raab, C.; Rack-Helleis, J.; Raissi, A.; Rameez, M.; Rawlins, K.; Rea, I. C.; Rechav, Z.; Rehman, A.; Reichherzer, P.; Reimann, R.; Renzi, G.; Resconi, E.; Reusch, S.; Rhode, W.; Richman, M.; Riedel, B.; Roberts, E. J.; Robertson, S.; Roellinghoff, G.; Rongen, M.; Rott, C.; Ruhe, T.; Ryckbosch, D.; Rysewyk Cantu, D.; Safa, I.; Saffer, J.; Sanchez Herrera, S. E.; Sandrock, A.; Santander, M.; Sarkar, S.; Sarkar, S.; Satalecka, K.; Schaufel, M.; Schieler, H.; Schindler, S.; Schmidt, T.; Schneider, A.; Schneider, J.; Schröder, F. G.; Schumacher, L.; Schwefer, G.; Sclafani, S.; Seckel, D.; Seunarine, S.; Sharma, A.; Shefali, S.; Shimizu, N.; Silva, M.; Skrzypek, B.; Smithers, B.; Snihur, R.; Soedingrekso, J.; Soldin, D.; Spannfellner, C.; Spiczak, G. M.; Spiering, C.; Stachurska, J.; Stamatikos, M.; Stanev, T.; Stein, R.; Stettner, J.; Stezelberger, T.; Stürwald, T.; Stuttard, T.; Sullivan, G. W.; Taboada, I.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Thwaites, J.; Tilav, S.; Tischbein, F.; Tollefson, K.; Tönnis, C.; Toscano, S.; Tosi, D.; Trettin, A.; Tselengidou, M.; Tung, C. F.; Turcati, A.; Turcotte, R.; Turley, C. F.; Twagirayezu, J. P.; Ty, B.; Unland Elorrieta, M. A.; Valtonen-Mattila, N.; Vandenbroucke, J.; van Eijndhoven, N.; Vannerom, D.; van Santen, J.; Veitch-Michaelis, J.; Verpoest, S.; Walck, C.; Wang, W.; Watson, T. B.; Weaver, C.; Weigel, P.; Weindl, A.; Weiss, M. J.; Weldert, J.; Wendt, C.; Werthebach, J.; Weyrauch, M.; Whitehorn, N.; Wiebusch, C. H.; Williams, D. R.; Wolf, M.; Wrede, G.; Wulff, J.; Xu, X. W.; Yanez, J. P.; Yildizci, E.; Yoshida, S.; Yu, S.; Yuan, T.; Zhang, Z.; Zhelnin, P.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.106.032010

Title: Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop

Journal Article · Thu Aug 11 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Physical Review D

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.032010· OSTI ID:1881041

Abbasi, R.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.; Aguilar, J. A.; Ahlers, M.; Ahrens, M.; Alameddine, J. M.; Alves, A. A.; Amin, N. M.; Andeen, K.; Anderson, T.; Anton, G.; Argüelles, C.; Ashida, Y.; Axani, S.; Bai, X.; Balagopal V., A.; Barwick, S. W.; Bastian, B.; Basu, V. more »

We present a measurement of the density of GeV muons in near-vertical air showers using three years of data recorded by the IceTop array at the South Pole. Depending on the shower size, the muon densities have been measured at lateral distances between 200 and 1000 m. From these lateral distributions, we derive the muon densities as functions of energy at reference distances of 600 and 800 m for primary energies between 2.5 and 40 PeV and between 9 and 120 PeV, respectively. The muon densities are determined using, as a baseline, the hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.1 together with various composition models. The measurements are consistent with the predicted muon densities within these baseline interaction and composition models. The measured muon densities have also been compared to simulations using the post-LHC models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04. The result of this comparison is that the post-LHC models together with any given composition model yield higher muon densities than observed. This is in contrast to the observations above 1 EeV where all model simulations yield for any mass composition lower muon densities than the measured ones. The post-LHC models in general feature higher muon densities so that the agreement with experimental data at the highest energies is improved but the muon densities are not correct in the energy range between 2.5 and about 100 PeV.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Contributing Organization:: IceCube Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1881041

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1906692

Journal Information:: Physical Review D, Journal Name: Physical Review D Vol. 106 Journal Issue: 3; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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