Dopant segregation in YAG single crystal fibers grown by the laser heated pedestal growth technique

Bera, Subhabrata; Ohodnicki, Paul; Collins, Keith; Fortner, Matthew; Picard, Yoosuf N.; Liu, Bo; Buric, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2020.125801

Dopant segregation in YAG single crystal fibers grown by the laser heated pedestal growth technique

Journal Article · Wed Jul 08 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Journal of Crystal Growth

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2020.125801· OSTI ID:1879677

Bera, Subhabrata ^[1]; ^[2]; Collins, Keith ^[3]; Fortner, Matthew ^[4]; ^[1]; Liu, Bo ^[5]; Buric, Michael P. ^[6]

National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Leidos Research Support Team
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Albany, OR (United States)
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Albany, OR (United States). USSE2
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Morgantown, WV (United States). Leidos Research Support Team
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Morgantown, WV (United States)

In this work, we report self-segregation of dopants in a crystal matrix within a single crystal (SC) fiber. Neodymium and holmium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) fibers were grown using the Laser Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG) technique and cross-sectional dopant concentration was measured using electron-probe micro-analysis. It was observed that the degree of auto-segregation of the rare-earth dopant depended on the difference in ionic size of the dopant ion and the Y³⁺ ion in the YAG matrix. While holmium showed little tendency to self-segregate, the concentration of neodymium ions varied as much as 25% across the cross-section of the fiber. Strong correlation between the dopant concentration profile and fiber draw speed was also demonstrated. Since the local refractive index depends on the concentration of dopants, a refractive index profile can be achieved by a dopant profile across the fiber cross-section. Engineered index profiles can be realized by varying growth conditions, dopants, crystal matrix, etc. Such an approach is promising in applications such as the development of monolithic SC fibers with graded-index profiles.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA, Morgantown, WV, and Albany, OR (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO); USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE); USDOE Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89243318CFE000003

OSTI ID:: 1879677

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1638430

Journal Information:: Journal of Crystal Growth, Journal Name: Journal of Crystal Growth Vol. 547; ISSN 0022-0248

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (32)

Crystal growth and perfection of large Nd:YAG single crystals Belt, Roger F.; Puttbach, Richard C.; Lepore, Donald A. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 13-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(72)90167-4	journal	May 1972
Some evidence for the existence and magnitude of a critical marangoni number for the onset of oscillatory flow in crystal growth melts Schwabe, D.; Scharmann, A. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(79)90119-2	journal	January 1979
Marangoni convection in a floating zone under reduced gravity Chun, Ch. -H. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 48, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(80)90271-7	journal	April 1980
Stress-birefringence associated with facets of rare-earth garnets grown from the melt; A model and measurement of stress-birefringence observed in thin sections Kitamura, K.; Kimura, S.; Miyazawa, Y. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 62, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(83)90313-5	journal	July 1983
Radial dopant segregation in zero-gravity floating-zone crystal growth Lan, C. W.; Kou, S. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 132, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(93)90085-B	journal	September 1993
Three-dimensional simulation of floating-zone crystal growth of oxide crystals Lan, C. W. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 247, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(02)02056-0	journal	January 2003
Distribution of ytterbium in Yb:YAG crystals and lattice parameters of the crystals Xu, Xiaodong; Zhao, Zhiwei; Xu, Jun Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 255, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(03)01260-0	journal	August 2003
Physical properties of a Y3Al5012 melt Fratello, V. J.; Brandle, C. D. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 128, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(07)80087-X	journal	March 1993
The radial distribution of dopant (Cr, Nd, Yb, or Ce) in yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) single crystals grown by the micro-pulling-down method Simura, Rayko; Yoshikawa, Akira; Uda, Satoshi Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 311, Issue 23-24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.07.012	journal	December 2009
Simulation and experiment on laser-heated pedestal growth of chromium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet single-crystal fiber Chang, Chun-Lin; Huang, Sheng-Lung; Lo, Chia-Yao Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 318, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.11.035	journal	March 2011
Coilable single crystals fibers of doped-YAG for high power laser applications Soleimani, Nazila; Ponting, Bennett; Gebremichael, Eminet Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 393 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2013.11.036	journal	May 2014
Growth and lasing of single crystal YAG fibers with different Ho3+ concentrations Bera, Subhabrata; Nie, Craig D.; Soskind, Michael G. Optical Materials, Vol. 75 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2017.09.048	journal	January 2018
Dynamical Electron Backscatter Diffraction Patterns. Part I: Pattern Simulations Callahan, Patrick G.; De Graef, Marc Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927613001840	journal	June 2013
A Dictionary Approach to Electron Backscatter Diffraction Indexing Chen, Yu H.; Park, Se Un; Wei, Dennis Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927615000756	journal	June 2015
Room-temperature 1.3 μm c.w. operation of a glass-clad Nd:y.a.g. single-crystal fibre laser end pumped with a single l.e.d. Burrus, C. A.; Stone, J.; Dentai, A. G. Electronics Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19760457	journal	January 1976
The Distribution of Solute in Crystals Grown from the Melt. Part I. Theoretical Burton, J. A.; Prim, R. C.; Slichter, W. P. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1698728	journal	November 1953
Review and perspective: Sapphire optical fiber cladding development for harsh environment sensing Chen, Hui; Buric, Michael; Ohodnicki, Paul R. Applied Physics Reviews, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5010184	journal	March 2018
Temperature dependence of Ce:YAG single-crystal phosphors for high-brightness white LEDs/LDs Arjoca, Stelian; Víllora, Encarnación G.; Inomata, Daisuke Materials Research Express, Vol. 2, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/2/5/055503	journal	May 2015
A Simplex Method for Function Minimization Nelder, J. A.; Mead, R. The Computer Journal, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308	journal	January 1965
Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides Shannon, R. D. Acta Crystallographica Section A, Vol. 32, Issue 5, p. 751-767 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567739476001551	journal	September 1976
Creation of an Internal Cladding in Sapphire Optical Fiber Using the $^{6}$ Li(n, $\alpha)^{3}$ H Reaction Wilson, Brandon Augustus; Blue, Thomas E. IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 17, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2017.2756448	journal	November 2017
Single-crystal sapphire-based optical high-temperature sensor for harsh environments Zhang, Yibing Optical Engineering, Vol. 43, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1629123	journal	January 2004
Predicted performance limits of yttrium aluminum garnet fiber lasers Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Optical Engineering, Vol. 49, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3485758	journal	September 2010
Cladding single crystal YAG fibers grown by laser heated pedestal growth Bera, Subhabrata; Nie, Craig D.; Harrington, James A. SPIE LASE, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216254	conference	March 2016
Cladded single crystal fibers for high power fiber lasers Kim, W.; Shaw, B.; Bayya, S. SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2239218	conference	September 2016
Efficient Nd:Y3Al5O12 Crystal Fiber Laser Lo, Chia-Yao; Huang, Pi-Ling; Chou, Tsai-Shuan Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 41, Issue Part 2, No. 11A https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.41.L1228	journal	November 2002
Mg-Doped Sapphire Crystal Fibers Grown by Laser-Heated Pedestal Growth Method Liu, Che-Ming; Chen, Jyh-Chen; Chiang, Chang-Hung Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 45, Issue 1A https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.45.194	journal	January 2006
Optimizing alignment and growth of low-loss YAG single crystal fibers using laser heated pedestal growth technique Bera, Subhabrata; Nie, Craig D.; Soskind, Michael G. Applied Optics, Vol. 56, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.009649	journal	January 2017
Single crystal Er^3+ : YAG fibers with tailored refractive index profiles Cheng, L.; Chick, T.; Chapman, J. Applied Optics, Vol. 57, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.000362	journal	January 2018
Low-loss ‘crystalline-core/crystalline-clad’ (C4) fibers for highly power scalable high efficiency fiber lasers Dubinskii, Mark; Zhang, Jun; Fromzel, Viktor Optics Express, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.005092	journal	January 2018
High efficiency Yb:YAG crystalline fiber-waveguide lasers Mu, Xiaodong; Meissner, Stephanie; Meissner, Helmuth Optics Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.006331	journal	January 2014
Hydrothermally cladded crystalline fibers for laser applications [Invited] Kim, Woohong; Bayya, Shyam; Shaw, Brandon Optical Materials Express, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.9.002716	journal	January 2019

Similar Records

Laser-heated Pedestal Growth and Raman DTS for Harsh-environment Applications

Conference · Mon Nov 11 23:00:00 EST 2024 · OSTI ID:2476815

Dopant Segregation in Single-Crystal Optical Fiber Grown via the Laser-Heated Pedestal Growth Technique

Conference · Sun Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · OSTI ID:2339581

Dopant Segregation in Single-Crystal Optical Fiber Grown via the Laser-Heated Pedestal Growth Technique

Conference · Sun Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · OSTI ID:2339583

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
A1 segregation
A2 growth from melt
A2 laser heated pedestal growth
B1 rare-earth doped materials
B3 optical fiber devices
B3 solid state lasers

Dopant segregation in YAG single crystal fibers grown by the laser heated pedestal growth technique

Citation Formats

References (32)

Similar Records

Related Subjects