Mechanically and Chemically Robust Sandwich-Structured C@Si@C Nanotube Array Li-Ion Battery Anodes

Liu, Jinyun; Li, Nan; Goodman, Matthew D.; Zhang, Hui Gang; Epstein, Eric S.; Huang, Bo; Pan, Zeng; Kim, Jinwoo; Choi, Jun Hee; Huang, Xingjiu; Liu, Jinhuai; Hsia, K. Jimmy; Dillon, Shen J.; Braun, Paul V.

doi:10.1021/nn507003z

Title: Mechanically and Chemically Robust Sandwich-Structured C@Si@C Nanotube Array Li-Ion Battery Anodes

Journal Article · Sat Jan 31 00:00:00 EST 2015 · ACS Nano

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/nn507003z· OSTI ID:1875544

Liu, Jinyun ^[1]; Li, Nan ^[2]; Goodman, Matthew D. ^[2]; Zhang, Hui Gang ^[2]; Epstein, Eric S. ^[2]; Huang, Bo ^[2]; Pan, Zeng ^[2]; Kim, Jinwoo ^[2]; Choi, Jun Hee ^[3]; Huang, Xingjiu ^[1]; Liu, Jinhuai ^[1]; Hsia, K. Jimmy ^[2]; Dillon, Shen J. ^[2]; Braun, Paul V. ^[2]

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui (China)
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui (China); Samsung Advanced Inst. of Technology, Suwon (South Korea)
Samsung Advanced Inst. of Technology, Suwon (South Korea)

Stability and high energy densities are essential qualities for emerging battery electrodes. Because of its high specific capacity, silicon has been considered a promising anode candidate. However, the several-fold volume changes during lithiation and delithiation leads to fractures and continuous formation of an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, resulting in rapid capacity decay. Here, we present a carbon–silicon–carbon (C@Si@C) nanotube sandwich structure that addresses the mechanical and chemical stability issues commonly associated with Si anodes. The C@Si@C nanotube array exhibits a capacity of ~2200 mAh g^–1 (~750 mAh cm^–3), which significantly exceeds that of a commercial graphite anode, and a nearly constant Coulombic efficiency of ~98% over 60 cycles. In addition, the C@Si@C nanotube array gives much better capacity and structure stability compared to the Si nanotubes without carbon coatings, the ZnO@C@Si@C nanorods, a Si thin film on Ni foam, and C@Si and Si@C nanotubes. In situ SEM during cycling shows that the tubes expand both inward and outward upon lithiation, as well as elongate, and then revert back to their initial size and shape after delithiation, suggesting stability during volume changes. The mechanical modeling indicates the overall plastic strain in a nanotube is much less than in a nanorod, which may significantly reduce low-cycle fatigue. Furthermore, the sandwich-structured nanotube design is quite general, and may serve as a guide for many emerging anode and cathode systems.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-07ER46471

OSTI ID:: 1875544

Journal Information:: ACS Nano, Vol. 9, Issue 2; ISSN 1936-0851

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Mechanically and Chemically Robust Sandwich-Structured C@Si@C Nanotube Array Li-Ion Battery Anodes

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