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Anodic Interfacial Evolution in Extremely Fast Charged Lithium-Ion Batteries

Journal Article · · ACS Applied Energy Materials
 [1];  [2];  [1]
  1. Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States)
  2. Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Interfacial reaction mechanisms at the anode/separator interface play a central role in the performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries during fast charging. We report a mechanistic study on the evolution and interactions of the aging mechanisms at the anode/separator interface in lithium cobalt oxide/graphite pouch cells charged with variable charging rates (1–6C) over 10 cycles. In situ electrochemical measurements, including voltage relaxation, Coulombic efficiency, and direct current internal resistance, indicated an incremental lithium loss until the C rates were ≤5C. A substantial capacity fade is observed in the first few cycles of fast charging, but the magnitude of capacity fade progressively diminishes with the number of cycles, indicating a suppression in the lithium deposition mechanism. Post-mortem film thickness, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to elucidate the evolution of electrolyte decomposition, the solid–electrolyte interface (SEI), lithium plating, and film fracture mechanisms with C rate. XPS measurements confirmed an increasing lithium concentration in an SEI film with an increase in the C rate. SEM images showed a growth of dendritic lithium on the anode surface from 1C to 3C. Precrack formation leading to an interfacial film fracture was observed at higher C rates. Furthermore, a differential analysis of the discharge capacity indicated a possible two-phase delithiation from the anode and reduced cathodic lithiation due to lithium loss at high C rates.
Research Organization:
Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-07CH11358
OSTI ID:
1875270
Report Number(s):
IS-J 10,742
Journal Information:
ACS Applied Energy Materials, Journal Name: ACS Applied Energy Materials Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 5; ISSN 2574-0962
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
SEI
batteries
electrodes
extreme fast charging
film fracture
interfacial evolution
layers
lithium
lithium plating
multiple cycles
surface chemistry
ultrafast charging