Overview of the fusion nuclear science facility, a credible break-in step on the path to fusion energy

Kessel, Charles E.; Blanchard, James P.; Davis, Andrew O.; El-Guebaly, Laila A.; Garrison, Lauren M.; Ghoniem, Nasr M.; Humrickhouse, Paul W.; Huang, Yue; Katoh, Yutai; Khodak, Andrei E.; Marriott, Edward P.; Malang, Siegfried; Morley, Neil B.; Neilson, George Hutch; Rapp, Juergen; Rensink, Marvin E.; Rognlien, T. D.; Rowcliffe, Arthur F.; Smolentsev, Sergey S.; Snead, Lance L.; Tillack, Mark S.; Titus, Peter H.; Waganer, Lester M.; Wallace, Gregory M.; Wukitch, Stephen J.; Ying, Alice Y.; Young, Kenneth M.; Zhai, Yuhu

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.05.081

Overview of the fusion nuclear science facility, a credible break-in step on the path to fusion energy

Journal Article · Wed May 31 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Fusion Engineering and Design

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.05.081· OSTI ID:1874543

Kessel, Charles E. ^[1]; Blanchard, James P. ^[2]; ^[2]; El-Guebaly, Laila A. ^[2]; Garrison, Lauren M. ^[3]; Ghoniem, Nasr M. ^[4]; ^[5]; Huang, Yue ^[4]; ^[3]; Khodak, Andrei E. ^[1]; Marriott, Edward P. ^[2]; Malang, Siegfried ^[6]; Morley, Neil B. ^[4]; Neilson, George Hutch ^[1]; ^[3]; Rensink, Marvin E. ^[7]; ^[7]; Rowcliffe, Arthur F. ^[3]; Smolentsev, Sergey S. ^[4]; Snead, Lance L. ^[8] more »

Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Fusion Nuclear Technology Consulting, Linkenheim-Hochstetten (Germany)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
Consultant, O'Fallen, MO (United States)

Here the Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF) is examined as part of a two step program from ITER to commercial power plants. This first step is considered mandatory to establish the materials and component database in the real fusion in-service environment before proceeding to larger electricity producing facilities. The FNSF can be shown to make tremendous advances beyond ITER, toward a power plant, particularly in plasma duration and fusion nuclear environment. A moderate FNSF is studied in detail, which does not generate net electricity, but does reach the power plant blanket operating temperatures. The full poloidal Dual Coolant Lead Lithium (DCLL) blanket is chosen, with alternates being the Helium Cooled Lead Lithium (HCLL) and Helium Cooled Ceramic Breeder/Pebble Bed (HCCB/PB). Several power plant relevant choices are made in order to follow the philosophy of targeted technologies. Any fusion core component must be qualified by fusion relevant neutron testing and highly integrated non-nuclear testing before it can be installed on the FNSF in order to avoid the high probability of constant failures in a plasma-vacuum system. A range of missions for the FNSF, or any fusion nuclear facility on the path toward fusion power plants, are established and characterized by several metrics. A conservative physics strategy is pursued to accommodate the transition to ultra-long plasma pulses, and parameters are chosen to represent the power plant regime to the extent possible. An operating space is identified, and from this, one point is chosen for further detailed analysis, with R = 4.8 m, a = 1.2 m, I_P = 7.9 MA, B_T = 7.5 T, β_N < 2.7, n/n_Gr = 0.9, f_BS = 0.52, q95 = 6.0, H₉₈ ~1.0, and Q = 4.0. The operating space is shown to be robust to parameter variations. A program is established for the FNSF to show how the missions for the facility are met, with a He/H, a DD and 5 DT phases. The facility requires ~25 years to complete its DT operation, including 7.8 years of neutron production, and the remaining spent on inspections and maintenance. The DD phase is critical to establish the ultra-long plasma pulse lengths. The blanket testing strategy is examined, and shows that many sectors have penetrations for heating and current drive (H/CD), diagnostics, or Test Blanket Modules (TBMs). The hot cell is a critical facility element in order for the FNSF to perform its function of developing the in-service material and component database. The pre-FNSF R&D is laid out in terms of priority topics, with the FNSF phases driving the time-lines for R&D completion. A series of detailed technical assessments of the FNSF operating point are reported in this issue, showing the credibility of such a step, and more detailed emphasis on R&D items to pursue. These include nuclear analysis, thermo-mechanics and thermal-hydraulics, liquid metal thermal hydraulics, transient thermo-mechanics, tritium analysis, maintenance assessment, magnet specification and analysis, materials assessments, core and scrape-off layer (SOL)/divertor plasma examinations.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; AC02-09CH11466; FG02-86ER52123; FC02-99ER54512; AC05-00OR22725; FG02-98ER54462

OSTI ID:: 1874543

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 22850336

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-836543; 1055949

Journal Information:: Fusion Engineering and Design, Journal Name: Fusion Engineering and Design Vol. 135; ISSN 0920-3796

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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The ARIES-CS Compact Stellarator Fusion Power Plant Najmabadi, F.; Raffray, A. R.; Abdel-Khalik, S. I. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 54, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST54-655	journal	October 2008
Fusion Nuclear Science Facility Candidates Stambaugh, R. D.; Chan, V. S.; Garofalo, A. M. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 59, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST59-279	journal	February 2011
Results of an International Study on a High-Volume Plasma-Based Neutron Source for Fusion Blanket Development Abdou, Mohamed A.; Berk, Sam E.; Ying, Alice Fusion Technology, Vol. 29, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST96-3	journal	January 1996

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Thermal and Electromagnetic Transients in Liquid Metal Surfaces of the FNSF Blanchard, James; Martin, Carl Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 75, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2019.1602399	journal	May 2019
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