Using In Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction to Quantify Electrode Behavior of Li-Ion Batteries from Extreme Fast Charging
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- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Univ. Paderborn (Germany)
- Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
Extreme fast charging (XFC, =15 min charging time) of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been proposed as an immediate target to increase the commercial appeal of electric vehicles. However, XFC of LIBs is associated with the degradation of battery performance and safety concerns. Quantitative and simultaneous characterization of various components during cell degradation represents a major experimental challenge. In this work, we outline a methodology for the use of spatially resolved, high-energy X-ray diffraction as a quantitative, in situ method of mapping the degradation of LIBs. We use this approach to study the battery cell capacity loss, both locally (mm scale) and globally over the entire cell (cm scale). Specifically, our workflow allows us to quantify the total amount of plated Li on the anode, as well as its spatial correlation to the structural properties of the anode and cathode. The method complements existing optical methods to resolve the spatial heterogeneity of local degradation mechanisms such as Li plating and provides simultaneous insights into concomitant anode state-of-charge variability. We apply it to commercially relevant single-layer pouch cells with the graphite anode and the LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 cathode. Our results show that Li plating occurs heterogeneously on the graphite anode and that it is spatially correlated to the extent of anode lithiation. In this work, we anticipate that the described workflow will allow for understanding multiscale degradation in energy-storage devices beyond LIBs, where quantitative analysis at a local and global length scale can be performed without the necessity to tear down the device, due to the applicability of high-energy X-rays to probe in situ degradation.
- Research Organization:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 34137; AC02-06CH11357; AC02-76SF00515; AC07-05ID14517; SC0012704; ACI-1053575; ACI1053575
- OSTI ID:
- 1874265
- Alternate ID(s):
- OSTI ID: 1833552; OSTI ID: 1846295
- Report Number(s):
- INL/JOU-20-60100-Rev000; ACI-1053575; TRN: US2306664
- Journal Information:
- ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 10; ISSN 2574-0962
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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