Microwave impedance microscopy and its application to quantum materials

Barber, Mark E.; Ma, Eric Yue; Shen, Zhi-Xun

doi:10.1038/s42254-021-00386-3

Title: Microwave impedance microscopy and its application to quantum materials

Journal Article · Wed Nov 24 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Nature Reviews Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-021-00386-3· OSTI ID:1872759

^[1];

^[2]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

We report materials in which quantum mechanical effects lead to novel properties on the macroscopic scale are of interest both fundamentally and for applications. For such quantum materials, the ability to measure local conductivity and permittivity with nanoscale spatial resolution, minimal sample preparation, in a contact-free fashion and under a wide range of external conditions (such as temperature and magnetic field) is highly desirable. To this end, microwave impedance microscopy, a scanning probe technique that measures tip–sample admittance (inverse of impedance) in a non-contact geometry at microwave frequencies, has matured over the past decade to become a tool that can do just that. This Technical Review describes its fundamental working principles and practical implementations, discusses its application to a wide range of quantum materials, including correlated, topological and 2D van der Waals materials, and outlines future opportunities in expanding the capabilities of microwave impedance microscopy.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Stanford University

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; SC0021238; GBMF4546

OSTI ID:: 1872759

Journal Information:: Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 1; ISSN 2522-5820

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (118)

Sharp and smooth boundaries of quantum Hall liquids Chamon, C. de C.; Wen, X. G. Physical Review B, Vol. 49, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.49.8227	journal	March 1994
Electrostatic force microscopy: principles and some applications to semiconductors Girard, Paul Nanotechnology, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/12/4/321	journal	November 2001
Local electrostatic imaging of striped domain order in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Honig, M.; Sulpizio, J. A.; Drori, J. Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3810	journal	November 2013
Magneto-transport in inverted HgTe quantum wells Yahniuk, Ivan; Krishtopenko, Sergey S.; Grabecki, Grzegorz npj Quantum Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-019-0154-3	journal	April 2019
Gapless insulating edges of dirty interacting topological insulators Chou, Yang-Zhi; Nandkishore, Rahul M.; Radzihovsky, Leo Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.98.054205	journal	August 2018
Visualization of an axion insulating state at the transition between 2 chiral quantum anomalous Hall states Allen, Monica; Cui, Yongtao; Yue Ma, Eric Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818255116	journal	July 2019
Cryogenic scanning probe characterization of semiconductor nanostructures Eriksson, M. A.; Beck, R. G.; Topinka, M. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 69, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.117801	journal	July 1996
Quartz tuning fork based microwave impedance microscopy Cui, Yong-Tao; Ma, Eric Yue; Shen, Zhi-Xun Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954156	journal	June 2016
Imaging Dual-Moiré Lattices in Twisted Bilayer Graphene Aligned on Hexagonal Boron Nitride Using Microwave Impedance Microscopy Huang, Xiong; Chen, Lingxiu; Tang, Shujie Nano Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00601	journal	May 2021
Quantitative measurement of sheet resistance by evanescent microwave probe Wang, Zhengyu; Kelly, Michael A.; Shen, Zhi-Xun Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1891296	journal	April 2005
Imaging of low-compressibility strips in the quantum Hall liquid Finkelstein, G.; Glicofridis, P. I.; Tessmer, S. H. Physical Review B, Vol. 61, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.R16323	journal	June 2000
A magnetic heterostructure of topological insulators as a candidate for an axion insulator Mogi, M.; Kawamura, M.; Yoshimi, R. Nature Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4855	journal	February 2017
Imaging of integer quantum Hall edge state in a quantum point contact via scanning gate microscopy Aoki, N.; da Cunha, C. R.; Akis, R. Physical Review B, Vol. 72, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.155327	journal	October 2005
Electron quantum metamaterials in van der Waals heterostructures Song, Justin C. W.; Gabor, Nathaniel M. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0294-9	journal	November 2018
Scaling of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect as an Indicator of Axion Electrodynamics Grauer, S.; Fijalkowski, K. M.; Schreyeck, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.246801	journal	June 2017
Magnetic modulation doping in topological insulators toward higher-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect Mogi, M.; Yoshimi, R.; Tsukazaki, A. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4935075	journal	November 2015
Metrology and microscopic picture of the integer quantum Hall effect Weis, J.; von Klitzing, K. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369, Issue 1953 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0198	journal	October 2011
Kelvin probe force microscopy and its application Melitz, Wilhelm; Shen, Jian; Kummel, Andrew C. Surface Science Reports, Vol. 66, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.10.001	journal	January 2011
Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy Sadewasser, Sascha; Glatzel, Thilo Springer Series in Surface Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75687-5	book	March 2018
Living on the edge: Topology, electrostatics, and disorder van den Berg, Tineke L.; Calvo, M. Reyes; Bercioux, Dario Physical Review Research, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013171	journal	February 2020
Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Binnig, G.; Rohrer, H.; Gerber, Ch. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57	journal	July 1982
2D materials for quantum information science Liu, Xiaolong; Hersam, Mark C. Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0136-x	journal	August 2019
Modern Scattering‐Type Scanning Near‐Field Optical Microscopy for Advanced Material Research Chen, Xinzhong; Hu, Debo; Mescall, Ryan Advanced Materials https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804774	journal	April 2019
All-In–All-Out Magnetic Domains: X-Ray Diffraction Imaging and Magnetic Field Control Tardif, Samuel; Takeshita, Soshi; Ohsumi, Hiroyuki Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.147205	journal	April 2015
Scanned potential microscopy of edge and bulk currents in the quantum Hall regime McCormick, Kent L.; Woodside, Michael T.; Huang, Mike Physical Review B, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.59.4654	journal	February 1999
Interferometric imaging of nonlocal electromechanical power transduction in ferroelectric domains Zheng, Lu; Dong, Hui; Wu, Xiaoyu Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722499115	journal	May 2018
Edge Strips in the Quantum Hall Regime Imaged by a Single-Electron Transistor Wei, Y. Y.; Weis, J.; Klitzing, K. v. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1674	journal	August 1998
Electrostatics of edge channels Chklovskii, D. B.; Shklovskii, B. I.; Glazman, L. I. Physical Review B, Vol. 46, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.46.4026	journal	August 1992
Imaging quantum materials Moler, Kathryn Ann Nature Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat5018	journal	October 2017
Unveiling defect-mediated carrier dynamics in monolayer semiconductors by spatiotemporal microwave imaging Chu, Zhaodong; Wang, Chun-Yuan; Quan, Jiamin Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 117, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004106117	journal	June 2020
High-precision realization of robust quantum anomalous Hall state in a hard ferromagnetic topological insulator Chang, Cui-Zu; Zhao, Weiwei; Kim, Duk Y. Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4204	journal	March 2015
The 2021 quantum materials roadmap Giustino, Feliciano; Lee, Jin Hong; Trier, Felix Journal of Physics: Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7639/abb74e	journal	October 2020
Correlated electronic phases in twisted bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides Wang, Lei; Shih, En-Min; Ghiotto, Augusto Nature Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0708-6	journal	June 2020
Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal Wu, Sanfeng; Fatemi, Valla; Gibson, Quinn D. Science, Vol. 359, Issue 6371 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan6003	journal	January 2018
Variation of Charge Dynamics in the Course of Metal-Insulator Transition for Pyrochlore-Type ${Nd}_{2} {Ir}_{2} O_{7}$ Ueda, K.; Fujioka, J.; Takahashi, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.136402	journal	September 2012
Direct Imaging of Dynamic Glassy Behavior in a Strained Manganite Film Kundhikanjana, Worasom; Sheng, Zhigao; Yang, Yongliang Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.265701	journal	December 2015
Scanning Probe Microscopy Kalinin, Sergei; Gruverman, Alexei Springer New York, NY https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-28668-6	book	January 2007
Mesoscopic Percolating Resistance Network in a Strained Manganite Thin Film Lai, K.; Nakamura, M.; Kundhikanjana, W. Science, Vol. 329, Issue 5988 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1189925	journal	July 2010
Collective excitations in 2D materials Rodin, Aleksandr; Trushin, Maxim; Carvalho, Alexandra Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-020-0214-4	journal	September 2020
The physics of quantum materials Keimer, B.; Moore, J. E. Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4302	journal	October 2017
Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Inverted Type-II Semiconductors Liu, Chaoxing; Hughes, Taylor L.; Qi, Xiao-Liang Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.236601	journal	June 2008
Unconventional Correlation between Quantum Hall Transport Quantization and Bulk State Filling in Gated Graphene Devices Cui, Yong-Tao; Wen, Bo; Ma, Eric Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.186601	journal	October 2016
Electrical imaging of the quantum Hall state Yacoby, A.; Hess, H. F.; Fulton, T. A. Solid State Communications, Vol. 111, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-1098(99)00139-8	journal	June 1999
Determination of the resistance across incompressible strips through imaging of charge motion Glicofridis, P. I.; Finkelstein, G.; Ashoori, R. C. Physical Review B, Vol. 65, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.65.121312	journal	March 2002
Nanoscale electrodynamics of strongly correlated quantum materials Liu, Mengkun; Sternbach, Aaron J.; Basov, D. N. Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 80, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/80/1/014501	journal	November 2016
Trajectory of the anomalous Hall effect towards the quantized state in a ferromagnetic topological insulator Checkelsky, J. G.; Yoshimi, R.; Tsukazaki, A. Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3053	journal	August 2014
Topographic Mapping of the Quantum Hall Liquid Using a Few-Electron Bubble Finkelstein, G.; Glicofridis, P. I.; Ashoori, R. C. Science, Vol. 289, Issue 5476 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5476.90	journal	July 2000
Imaging interedge-state scattering centers in the quantum Hall regime Woodside, Michael T.; Vale, Chris; McEuen, Paul L. Physical Review B, Vol. 64, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.041310	journal	July 2001
Nanoscale microwave microscopy using shielded cantilever probes Lai, Keji; Kundhikanjana, Worasom; Kelly, Michael A. Applied Nanoscience, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-011-0002-7	journal	April 2011
Scanning Microwave Impedance Microscopy (sMIM) in Electronic and Quantum Materials Rubin, Kurt A.; Yang, Yongliang; Amster, Oskar Electrical Atomic Force Microscopy for Nanoelectronics https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15612-1_12	book	August 2019
Modeling and characterization of a cantilever-based near-field scanning microwave impedance microscope Lai, K.; Kundhikanjana, W.; Kelly, M. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 79, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2949109	journal	June 2008
Anomalous domain-wall conductance in pyrochlore-type ${Nd}_{2} {Ir}_{2} O_{7}$ on the verge of the metal-insulator transition Ueda, K.; Fujioka, J.; Takahashi, Y. Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.075127	journal	February 2014
Colloquium : Zoo of quantum-topological phases of matter Wen, Xiao-Gang Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 89, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.89.041004	journal	December 2017
Precise Quantization of the Anomalous Hall Effect near Zero Magnetic Field Bestwick, A. J.; Fox, E. J.; Kou, Xufeng Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.187201	journal	May 2015
Realization of 5 h e 2 with graphene quantum Hall resistance array Park, Jaesung; Kim, Wan-Seop; Chae, Dong-Hun Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139965	journal	March 2020
Quantized Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulators Yu, R.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, H. -J. Science, Vol. 329, Issue 5987 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1187485	journal	June 2010
Mobile metallic domain walls in an all-in-all-out magnetic insulator Ma, E. Y.; Cui, Y. -T.; Ueda, K. Science, Vol. 350, Issue 6260 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac8289	journal	October 2015
Quantitative complex electrical impedance microscopy by scanning evanescent microwave microscope Xiang, X. -D.; Gao, C. Materials Characterization, Vol. 48, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-5803(02)00277-2	journal	April 2002
Topological insulators and superconductors Qi, Xiao-Liang; Zhang, Shou-Cheng Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1057	journal	October 2011
New Method for High-Accuracy Determination of the Fine-Structure Constant Based on Quantized Hall Resistance Klitzing, K. v.; Dorda, G.; Pepper, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.494	journal	August 1980
High‐resolution capacitance measurement and potentiometry by force microscopy Martin, Yves; Abraham, David W.; Wickramasinghe, H. Kumar Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 52, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.99224	journal	March 1988
Scanning Single-Electron Transistor Microscopy: Imaging Individual Charges Yoo, M. J. Science, Vol. 276, Issue 5312 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5312.579	journal	April 1997
The Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect: Theory and Experiment Liu, Chao-Xing; Zhang, Shou-Cheng; Qi, Xiao-Liang Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031115-011417	journal	March 2016
Unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle graphene superlattices Cao, Yuan; Fatemi, Valla; Fang, Shiang Nature, Vol. 556, Issue 7699 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature26160	journal	March 2018
Microwave Microscopy and Its Applications Chu, Zhaodong; Zheng, Lu; Lai, Keji Annual Review of Materials Research, Vol. 50, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-081519-011844	journal	July 2020
Nanoscale Conductivity Imaging of Correlated Electronic States in ${WSe}_{2} / {WS}_{2}$ Moiré Superlattices Chu, Zhaodong; Regan, Emma C.; Ma, Xuejian Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.186803	journal	October 2020
Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells Konig, M.; Wiedmann, S.; Brune, C. Science, Vol. 318, Issue 5851, p. 766-770 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1148047	journal	November 2007
Correlated insulating states at fractional fillings of the WS2/WSe2 moiré lattice Huang, Xiong; Wang, Tianmeng; Miao, Shengnan Nature Physics https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01171-w	journal	February 2021
Scanning electromagnetic transmission line microscope with sub-wavelength resolution Fee, M.; Chu, Steven; Hänsch, T. W. Optics Communications, Vol. 69, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(89)90103-X	journal	January 1989
Colloquium : Topological band theory Bansil, A.; Lin, Hsin; Das, Tanmoy Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.88.021004	journal	June 2016
Observation of a Helical Luttinger Liquid in $InAs / GaSb$ Quantum Spin Hall Edges Li, Tingxin; Wang, Pengjie; Fu, Hailong Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.136804	journal	September 2015
Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Topological Phase Transition in HgTe Quantum Wells Bernevig, B. A.; Hughes, T. L.; Zhang, S.-C. Science, Vol. 314, Issue 5806, p. 1757-1761 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1133734	journal	December 2006
Kelvin probe force microscopy Nonnenmacher, M.; O’Boyle, M. P.; Wickramasinghe, H. K. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 58, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.105227	journal	June 1991
Spatially resolved electrical measurements of SiO ₂ gate oxides using atomic force microscopy Murrell, M. P.; Welland, M. E.; O’Shea, S. J. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 62, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.108579	journal	February 1993
Batch-fabricated cantilever probes with electrical shielding for nanoscale dielectric and conductivity imaging Yang, Yongliang; Lai, Keji; Tang, Qiaochu Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 22, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/22/11/115040	journal	October 2012
Quantized Hall conductance, current-carrying edge states, and the existence of extended states in a two-dimensional disordered potential Halperin, B. I. Physical Review B, Vol. 25, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.25.2185	journal	February 1982
Bulk vacancies in Cd _x Hg _{1− x} Te Swarts, C. A.; Daw, M. S.; McGill, T. C. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.571712	journal	May 1982
Metal–Insulator Transitions in Pyrochlore Oxides Ln ₂ Ir ₂ O ₇ Matsuhira, Kazuyuki; Wakeshima, Makoto; Hinatsu, Yukio Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 80, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.80.094701	journal	September 2011
Inhomogeneity of charge-density-wave order and quenched disorder in a high-Tc superconductor Campi, G.; Bianconi, A.; Poccia, N. Nature, Vol. 525, Issue 7569 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14987	journal	September 2015
Graphene and two-dimensional materials for silicon technology Akinwande, Deji; Huyghebaert, Cedric; Wang, Ching-Hua Nature, Vol. 573, Issue 7775 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1573-9	journal	September 2019
Transport, magnetic and optical properties of Weyl materials Nagaosa, Naoto; Morimoto, Takahiro; Tokura, Yoshinori Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-0208-y	journal	June 2020
On the imaging of electron transport in semiconductor quantum structures by scanning-gate microscopy: successes and limitations Sellier, H.; Hackens, B.; Pala, M. G. Semiconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 26, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/26/6/064008	journal	April 2011
Direct visualization of a two-dimensional topological insulator in the single-layer $1 T^{'} - WT e_{2}$ Jia, Zhen-Yu; Song, Ye-Heng; Li, Xiang-Bing Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.041108	journal	July 2017
Universal scaling of the quantum anomalous Hall plateau transition Wang, Jing; Lian, Biao; Zhang, Shou-Cheng Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.085106	journal	February 2014
Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene Zhang, Yuanbo; Tan, Yan-Wen; Stormer, Horst L. Nature, Vol. 438, Issue 7065, p. 201-204 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04235	journal	November 2005
Weyl and Dirac semimetals in three-dimensional solids Armitage, N. P.; Mele, E. J.; Vishwanath, Ashvin Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 90, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.90.015001	journal	January 2018
Toward a predictive theory of correlated materials Kent, Paul R. C.; Kotliar, Gabriel Science, Vol. 361, Issue 6400 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat5975	journal	July 2018
Mott and generalized Wigner crystal states in WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattices Regan, Emma C.; Wang, Danqing; Jin, Chenhao Nature, Vol. 579, Issue 7799 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2092-4	journal	March 2020
Unconventional quantum Hall effect and Berry’s phase of 2π in bilayer graphene Novoselov, K. S.; McCann, E.; Morozov, S. V. Nature Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys245	journal	February 2006
Experimental Observation of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in a Magnetic Topological Insulator Chang, C. -Z.; Zhang, J.; Feng, X. Science, Vol. 340, Issue 6129 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1234414	journal	March 2013
High-temperature quantum anomalous Hall regime in a MnBi2Te4/Bi2Te3 superlattice Deng, Haiming; Chen, Zhiyi; Wołoś, Agnieszka Nature Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-0998-2	journal	August 2020
Simulation of Hubbard model physics in WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattices Tang, Yanhao; Li, Lizhong; Li, Tingxin Nature, Vol. 579, Issue 7799 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2085-3	journal	March 2020
Nobel Lecture: Topological quantum matter Haldane, F. Duncan M. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 89, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.89.040502	journal	October 2017
Scanning capacitance microscopy Matey, J. R.; Blanc, J. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 57, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.334506	journal	March 1985
Microwave conductivity of ferroelectric domains and domain walls in a hexagonal rare-earth ferrite Wu, Xiaoyu; Du, Kai; Zheng, Lu Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.98.081409	journal	August 2018
Optically coupled methods for microwave impedance microscopy Johnston, Scott R.; Ma, Eric Yue; Shen, Zhi-Xun Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5011391	journal	April 2018
Tailoring Semiconductor Lateral Multijunctions for Giant Photoconductivity Enhancement Tsai, Yutsung; Chu, Zhaodong; Han, Yimo Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201703680	journal	September 2017
Correlated insulator behaviour at half-filling in magic-angle graphene superlattices Cao, Yuan; Fatemi, Valla; Demir, Ahmet Nature, Vol. 556, Issue 7699 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature26154	journal	March 2018
Observation of moiré superlattices on twisted bilayer graphene by scanning microwave impedance microscopy Ohlberg, Douglas A. A.; Gadelha, Andreij C.; Tamia, Diego Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices 2020 https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2570651	conference	September 2020
Energy-Resolved Photoconductivity Mapping in a Monolayer–Bilayer WSe ₂ Lateral Heterostructure Chu, Zhaodong; Han, Ali; Lei, Chao Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03318	journal	October 2018
Quantum spin Hall effect in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides Qian, X.; Liu, J.; Fu, L. Science, Vol. 346, Issue 6215 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256815	journal	November 2014
Scanning nonlinear dielectric microscope Cho, Yasuo; Kirihara, Akio; Saeki, Takahiro Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 67, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1146936	journal	June 1996
Imaging of Coulomb-Driven Quantum Hall Edge States Lai, Keji; Kundhikanjana, Worasom; Kelly, Michael A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.176809	journal	October 2011
Unexpected Giant Microwave Conductivity in a Nominally Silent BiFeO ₃ Domain Wall Huang, Yen‐Lin; Zheng, Lu; Chen, Peng Advanced Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905132	journal	January 2020
Spectroscopic Imaging of Strongly Correlated Electronic States Yazdani, Ali; da Silva Neto, Eduardo H.; Aynajian, Pegor Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031214-014529	journal	March 2016
Quantum Hall resistance standards from graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition on silicon carbide Lafont, F.; Ribeiro-Palau, R.; Kazazis, D. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7806	journal	April 2015
Edge transport in the trivial phase of InAs/GaSb Nichele, Fabrizio; Suominen, Henri J.; Kjaergaard, Morten New Journal of Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/8/083005	journal	July 2016
Calibration of shielded microwave probes using bulk dielectrics Lai, K.; Kundhikanjana, W.; Kelly, M. A. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2990638	journal	September 2008
Probing topological quantum matter with scanning tunnelling microscopy Yin, Jia-Xin; Pan, Shuheng H.; Zahid Hasan, M. Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-021-00293-7	journal	March 2021
The microscopic nature of localization in the quantum Hall effect Ilani, S.; Martin, J.; Teitelbaum, E. Nature, Vol. 427, Issue 6972 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02230	journal	January 2004
Quantum spin Hall state in monolayer 1T'-WTe2 Tang, Shujie; Zhang, Chaofan; Wong, Dillon Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4174	journal	June 2017
Charge-order domain walls with enhanced conductivity in a layered manganite Ma, Eric Yue; Bryant, Benjamin; Tokunaga, Yusuke Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8595	journal	July 2015
Low-energy structural dynamics of ferroelectric domain walls in hexagonal rare-earth manganites Wu, Xiaoyu; Petralanda, Urko; Zheng, Lu Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602371	journal	May 2017
Ultrahigh-resolution scanning microwave impedance microscopy of moiré lattices and superstructures Lee, Kyunghoon; Utama, M. Iqbal Bakti; Kahn, Salman Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd1919	journal	December 2020
Unexpected edge conduction in mercury telluride quantum wells under broken time-reversal symmetry Ma, Eric Yue; Calvo, M. Reyes; Wang, Jing Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8252	journal	May 2015
Imaging quantum spin Hall edges in monolayer WTe ₂ Shi, Yanmeng; Kahn, Joshua; Niu, Ben Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat8799	journal	February 2019
Large discrete jumps observed in the transition between Chern states in a ferromagnetic topological insulator Liu, Minhao; Wang, Wudi; Richardella, Anthony R. Science Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600167	journal	July 2016
Impact of grain boundaries on efficiency and stability of organic-inorganic trihalide perovskites Chu, Zhaodong; Yang, Mengjin; Schulz, Philip Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02331-4	journal	December 2017

Similar Records

Probing the edge states of Chern insulators using microwave impedance microscopy

Journal Article · Fri Dec 29 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Physical Review. B · OSTI ID:1872759

Wang, Taige; Wu, Chen; Mogi, Masataka; +5 more

Metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors and Schottky diodes studied with scanning microwave microscopy at 18 GHz

Journal Article · Fri Nov 14 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Journal of Applied Physics · OSTI ID:1872759

Kasper, M.; Gramse, G.; Hoffmann, J.; +4 more

Universal signal scaling in microwave impedance microscopy

Journal Article · Wed Sep 21 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:1872759

Shan, Jun-Yi; Pierce, Adam; Ma, Eric Y.

Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Title: Microwave impedance microscopy and its application to quantum materials

Citation Formats

References (118)

Similar Records

Related Subjects