Effects of composition and canister centerline cooling on microstructure, phase distribution, and chemical durability of dehalogenated iron phosphate waste forms

Riley, Brian J.; Chong, Saehwa

doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.121319

Title: Effects of composition and canister centerline cooling on microstructure, phase distribution, and chemical durability of dehalogenated iron phosphate waste forms

Journal Article · 01 March 2022 · Journal of Non-crystalline Solids

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.121319· OSTI ID:1872430

^[1]; Chong, Saehwa ^[1]

BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)

This paper discusses the effects of composition and canister centerline cooling (CCC) on the microstructures, phase distribution, and chemical durability of dehalogenated iron phosphate waste forms starting from chloride-based salt simulants including KCl (Simple-1), NdCl3 (Simple-2), SrCl2 (Simple-3), LaCl3 (Simple-4), LiCl (Simple-5), CsCl (Simple-6), as well as a complex simulant containing LiCl, KCl, NaCl, CsI, SrCl2, CeCl3, and NdCl3 called ERV2. The simulants represent salt constituents present in salt wastes from electrorefiners used for electrochemical reprocessing. These salts are reacted with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) resulting in a NH4Cl (dechlorination) byproduct that is captured and phosphate product containing oxides of the salt cations. This product is further stabilized using Fe2O3 through vitrification at higher temperatures. The results presented herein describe the properties of CCC-treated materials following dechlorination and vitrification including phase identification and quantification, elemental distributions, and chemical durabilities. The chemical durability in the CCC-cooled samples are lower durability than quenched materials for the ERV2 samples. The phases formed upon CCC cooling are very complex compositionally and microstructurally.

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1872430

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-167004

Journal Information:: Journal of Non-crystalline Solids, Vol. 579

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (40)

Immobilization of LiCl-Li2O pyroprocessing salt wastes in chlorosodalite using glass-bonded hydrothermal and salt-occlusion methods Riley, Brian J.; Peterson, Jacob A.; Kroll, Jared O. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 502 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.02.005	journal	April 2018
Glass binder development for a glass-bonded sodalite ceramic waste form Riley, Brian J.; Vienna, John D.; Frank, Steven M. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 489 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.03.041	journal	June 2017
Solution-derived sodalite made with Si- and Ge-ethoxide precursors for immobilizing electrorefiner salt Riley, Brian J.; Lepry, William C.; Crum, Jarrod V. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 468 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.11.011	journal	January 2016
Efficacy of a solution-based approach for making sodalite waste forms for an oxide reduction salt utilized in the reprocessing of used uranium oxide fuel Riley, Brian J.; Pierce, David A.; Frank, Steven M. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 459 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.09.042	journal	April 2015
Solution-based approaches for making high-density sodalite waste forms to immobilize spent electrochemical salts Lepry, William C.; Riley, Brian J.; Crum, Jarrod V. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 442, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.08.033	journal	November 2013
Synthesis and characterization of sodalite as matrix for conditioning chloride spent salts from pyroprocesses Angelis, G. De; Bardez-Giboire, I.; Mariani, M. MRS Proceedings, Vol. 1193 https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-1193-73	journal	January 2009
Powder diffraction of sodalite in a multiphase ceramic used to immobilize radioactive waste Frank, S. M.; Barber, T. L.; Lambregts, M. J. Powder Diffraction, Vol. 20, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1154/1.2013309	journal	September 2005
Synthesis and structures of M8[ALSiO4]6·(XO4)2, M = Na, Li, K; X = Cl, Mn Sodalites Brenchley, Matthew E.; Weller, Mark T. Zeolites, Vol. 14, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-2449(94)90125-2	journal	November 1994
The Structures of the Minerals of the Sodalite Family Barth, Tom. F. W. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, Vol. 83, Issue 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1932.83.1.405	journal	December 1932
Capture of iodine from the vapour phase and immobilisation as sodalite Maddrell, E. R.; Vance, E. R.; Gregg, D. J. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 467 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.09.038	journal	December 2015
Glass-bonded iodosodalite waste form for immobilization of 129I Chong, Saehwa; Peterson, Jacob A.; Riley, Brian J. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 504 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.03.033	journal	June 2018
Iodosodalite Waste Forms from Low-Temperature Aqueous Process Nam, Junghune; Chong, Saehwa; Riley, Brian J. MRS Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.225	journal	February 2018
Iodosodalite synthesis with hot isostatic pressing of precursors produced from aqueous and hydrothermal processes Chong, Saehwa; Riley, Brian J.; Asmussen, R. Matthew Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 538 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152222	journal	September 2020
Glass waste form options for rare-earth fission products from electrochemical reprocessing Riley, Brian J.; Chong, Saehwa Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 545 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120161	journal	October 2020
Waste form evaluation for RECl3 and REO fission products separated from used electrochemical salt Riley, Brian J.; Pierce, David A.; Crum, Jarrod V. Progress in Nuclear Energy, Vol. 104 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2017.09.005	journal	April 2018
Assessment of lead tellurite glass for immobilizing electrochemical salt wastes from used nuclear fuel reprocessing Riley, Brian J.; Kroll, Jared O.; Peterson, Jacob A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 495 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.08.037	journal	November 2017
Immobilization and bonding scheme of radioactive iodine-129 in silver tellurite glass Lee, Cheong Won; Pyo, Jae-Young; Park, Hwan-Seo Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 492 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.05.024	journal	August 2017
Structure and Chemistry in Halide Lead–Tellurite Glasses McCloy, John S.; Riley, Brian J.; Lipton, Andrew S. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp310820t	journal	February 2013
Investigation of physical and chemical properties for upgraded SAP (SiO2Al2O3P2O5) waste form to immobilize radioactive waste salt Lee, Ki Rak; Riley, Brian J.; Park, Hwan-Seo Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 515 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.01.004	journal	March 2019
Characteristics of Wasteform Composing of Phosphate and Silicate To Immobilize Radioactive Waste Salts Park, Hwan-Seo; Cho, In-Hak; Eun, Hee Chul Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 45, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/es1029975	journal	March 2011
Stabilization/Solidification of Radioactive Salt Waste by Using x SiO ₂ − y Al ₂ O ₃ − z P ₂ O ₅ (SAP) Material at Molten Salt State Park, Hwan-Seo; Kim, In-Tae; Cho, Yong-Zun Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 42, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/es802012x	journal	December 2008
Stabilization/Solidification of Radioactive Molten Salt Waste via Gel-Route Pretreatment Park, Hwan-Seo; Kim, In-Tae; Kim, Hwan-Young Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 41, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/es0615472	journal	February 2007
Characteristics of Solidified Products Containing Radioactive Molten Salt Waste Park, Hwan-Seo; Kim, In-Tae; Cho, Yong-Zun Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 41, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/es0712524	journal	November 2007
Dehalogenation of electrochemical processing salt simulants with ammonium phosphates and immobilization of salt cations in an iron phosphate glass waste form Riley, Brian J.; Peterson, Jacob A.; Vienna, John D. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 529 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151949	journal	February 2020
Improving the Integral Fast Reactor's Proposed Salt Waste Management System Siemer, Darryl D. Nuclear Technology, Vol. 178, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.13182/NT12-A13599	journal	June 2012
Nepheline structural and chemical dependence on melt composition Marcial, José; Crum, Jarrod; Neill, Owen American Mineralogist, Vol. 101, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5370	journal	February 2016
Submixture model to predict nepheline precipitation in waste glasses Vienna, John D.; Kroll, Jared O.; Hrma, Pavel R. International Journal of Applied Glass Science, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.12207	journal	May 2016
Dechlorination Apparatus for Treating Chloride Salt Wastes: System Evaluation and Scale-Up Riley, Brian J.; Chong, Saehwa; Lonergan, Charmayne E. ACS Omega, Vol. 6, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c05065	journal	November 2021
Fundamental parameters line profile fitting in laboratory diffractometers Cheary, R. W.; Coelho, A. A.; Cline, J. P. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Vol. 109, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.109.002	journal	January 2004
The properties and structure of zinc magnesium phosphate glasses Smith, Charmayne E.; Brow, Richard K. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 390 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2014.02.010	journal	April 2014
The performance of Inconel 693 electrodes for processing an iron phosphate glass melt containing 26wt.% of a simulated low activity waste Hsu, Jen-Hsien; Newkirk, Joseph W.; Kim, Cheol-Woon Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 444, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.09.055	journal	January 2014
Corrosion of Inconel 690 and Inconel 693 in an iron phosphate glass melt Hsu, Jen-Hsien; Newkirk, Joseph W.; Kim, Cheol-Woon Corrosion Science, Vol. 75 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2013.05.027	journal	October 2013
Zinc-in-titania waste form for immobilizing lanthanide fission products from electrochemical reprocessing Riley, Brian J.; Park, Hwan-Seo; Choi, Jung-Hoon Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 539 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152313	journal	October 2020
Electrochemical Salt Wasteform Development: A Review of Salt Treatment and Immobilization Options Riley, Brian J. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 59, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01357	journal	May 2020
Synthesis of nuclear waste monazites, ideal actinide hosts for geologic disposal McCarthy, Gregory J.; White, William B.; Pfoertsch, Diane E. Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(78)90215-5	journal	November 1978
Monazite as a suitable actinide waste form Schlenz, Hartmut; Heuser, Julia; Neumann, Andreas Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, Vol. 228, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.2013.1597	journal	March 2013
Redox effects on the structure and properties of Na-Mo-Fe-phosphate glasses Bai, Jincheng; Brow, Richard K.; Kim, Cheol-Woon Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 557 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120573	journal	April 2021
Dissolution behavior of Na2O–FeO–Fe2O3–P2O5 glasses Ma, Lina; Brow, Richard K.; Schlesinger, Mark E. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 463 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.02.022	journal	May 2017
The short-range structure of zinc polyphosphate glass Brow, Richard K.; Tallant, David R.; Myers, Sharon T. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 191, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(95)00289-8	journal	November 1995
Properties and structure of binary tin phosphate glasses Lim, J. W.; Yung, S. W.; Brow, R. K. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 357, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.12.061	journal	July 2011

Similar Records

Dehalogenation of electrochemical processing salt simulants with ammonium phosphates and immobilization of salt cations in an iron phosphate glass waste form

Journal Article · 2020 · Journal of Nuclear Materials · OSTI ID:1872430

Riley, Brian J.; Peterson, Jacob A.; Vienna, John D.; +2 more

Salt-Zeolite Ion Exchange Equilibrium Studies for Complete Set of Fission Products in Molten LiCl-KCl

Journal Article · 2010 · Nuclear Technology Journal · OSTI ID:1872430

Yoo, Tae-Sic; Frank, Steven M; Simpson, Michael F; +3 more

Effect of Reduced Dehalogenation on the Performance of Y Zeolite-Based Sintered Waste Forms

Journal Article · 2021 · Journal of Nuclear Materials · OSTI ID:1872430

Gardner, Levi D.; Wasnik, Manish; Riley, Brian J.; +2 more

Related Subjects

iron phosphate glass
iron phosphate waste forms
dehalogenation
canister centerline cooling

Title: Effects of composition and canister centerline cooling on microstructure, phase distribution, and chemical durability of dehalogenated iron phosphate waste forms

Citation Formats

References (40)

Similar Records

Related Subjects