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The Coupling of an EUV Coronal Wave and Ion Acceleration in a Fermi-LAT Behind-the-Limb Solar Flare

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9]
  1. National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa (Italy)
  2. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  3. University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Windisch (Switzerland); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  4. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology
  5. University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Windisch (Switzerland); Peking Univ., Beijing (China)
  6. University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Windisch (Switzerland)
  7. Leibniz Inst. für Astrophysik (AIP), Potsdam (Germany)
  8. Univ. of Graz (Austria)
  9. Pisa University (Italy)
+ Show Author Affiliations

We present the Fermi-LAT observations of the behind-the-limb (BTL) flare of 2021 July 17 and the joint detection of this flare by STIX on board the Solar Orbiter. The separation between Earth and the Solar Orbiter was $$99^{\circ}_{\centerdot}2$$ at 05:00 UT, allowing STIX to have a front view of the flare. The location of the flare was S20E140 in Stonyhurst heliographic coordinates, making this the most distant behind-the-limb flare ever detected in >100 MeV gamma-rays. The LAT detection lasted for ~16 minutes, the peak flux was 3.6 ± 0.8 (10–5) ph cm–2 s–1 with a significance >15σ. A coronal wave was observed from both STEREO-A and SDO in extreme ultraviolet (EUV), with an onset on the visible disk in coincidence with the LAT onset. A complex type II radio burst was observed by GLOSS also in coincidence with the onset of the LAT emission, indicating the presence of a shock wave. We discuss the relation between the time derivative of the EUV wave intensity profile at 193 Å as observed by STEREO-A and the LAT flux to show that the appearance of the coronal wave at the visible disk and the acceleration of protons as traced by the observed >100 MeV gamma-ray emission are coupled. We also report how this coupling is present in the data from three other BTL flares detected by Fermi-LAT, suggesting that the protons driving the gamma-ray emission of BTL solar flares and the coronal wave share a common origin.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Austrian Science Fund (FWF); European Union (EU)
Contributing Organization:
Fermi-LAT Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
1872398
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 929; ISSN 0004-637X
Publisher:
IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
solar particle emission
solar physics